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128 Terms used in Bionomenclature neoparatype: (zool., unoff.) a paraneotype (q.v.); see also hypotype. neopathotype: (prok.) a strain proposed by valid publication to represent a pathovar where none of the strains upon which the original description was based can be located. neosyntype, [neosyntypus]: (1) (phyt.) erroneously used to replace "neotypus" in the nomenclature of syntaxa. (2) (zool., unoff.) a neocotype (q.v.). neotype, [N.T., NT]: (1) (bio., bot., prok.) a specimen or illustration selected to serve as nomenclatural type if no original material is extant or as long as it is missing. (2) (prok.) a new type selected to serve as the nomenclatural type of a name the previously designated type of which has become unsuitable for any reason; see also epitype. (3) (zool.) the single specimen designated as the namebearing type of a nominal species or subspecies when there is a need to define the nominal taxon objectively and no name-bearing type is believed to be extant; if stability and universality are threatened, because an existing name-bearing type is either taxonomically inadequate or not in accord with the prevailing usage of a name, the Commission (ICZN) may use its plenary power to set aside that type and designate a neotype. (4) (phyt.) an element that is chosen as the nomenclatural type when neither the holotype nor an element suitable to be chosen as the lectotype occurs. nepionotype: (1) (zool., unoff.) the type of the larva of a species-group name. (2) (zool., unoff.) a type specimen which is the larval stage of a species. neutral term: (1) of a term, one which is not equated with any particular rank; e.g. syntaxon, taxon. (2) (zool., unoff.) a category for units whose rank in a taxonomic hierarchy is uncertain, e.g. a species complex. New Biological Nomenclature, [NBN]: a proposed parallel alternative nomenclatural system with scientific names in Esperanto rather than Latin, first proposed in 1971 and with a detailed guide issued in 1991, and prepared by Wilhelm de Smet on behalf of the Association for the Introduction of New Biological Nomenclature; in this system, names are of two words, the family name is the first
129 The naming of organisms (and plant communities) element and species name the second; names to be used were to be approved by an international committee; see also asterisk. new clade name: (phyl.) a newly proposed name that has been established in accordance with the rules of the PhyloCode; see converted clade name new combination, [combinatio nova, comb. nov.]: a combination formed from a previously published legitimate name (basionym, q.v.) and employing the same final epithet (or employing the name itself if formed from a generic name); new combinations are made because of a change of position or rank; in (bot.) also used by authors when publishing new combinations for the first time; see also combination, naked combination, semi-naked combination. new name, [nomen novum, nom. nov., n.n.]: (1) (bot.) a newly published name; this may be the name of a new taxon, a new combination, a name at a new rank (i.e. status novus), or an avowed substitute (nomen novum) for an existing name; most commonly used in this last sense. (2) (zool.) a replacement name; see also avowed substitute, new clade name, new replacement name, new scientific name. new replacement name, [nomen novum, nom. nov.]: (zool.) a name established expressly to replace an already established name; a nominal taxon denoted by a new replacement name (nomen novum) has the same name-bearing type as the nominal taxon denoted by the replaced name; see also emendation, substitute name. new scientific name: a scientific name, available or unavailable, newly proposed for a taxon. new species, [nov. sp., species nova, sp. nov.; pl. nov. spp., spp. nov.]: the latinized version or more commonly the abbreviated form is added by an author after the name of a species that author is describing as new to science. new transfer: see translatio nova. nidus: see conculta. nixus: (bot., obsol.) a hierarchical rank treated as being equivalent to that of order.
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Cover by Ciprian-Marius Vizitiu. Ph
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TERMS USED IN BIONOMENCLATURE: The
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Contents ABSTRACT .................
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Hawksworth 9 Introduction Terms use
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Hawksworth 11 employed, used outsid
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Hawksworth 13 The Codes All organis
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Hawksworth 15 Howell BF (1929) Defi
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Hawksworth 17
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19 The naming of organisms (and pla
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