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154 Terms used in Bionomenclature polymorph: a taxonomic unit with many variants. polymorphic: of a species, one with many “forms”; often used of species with many infraspecific taxa or morphotypes. polynomial: (1) a name in the rank of species, consisting of three or more separate words not hyphenated or separated by terms denoting rank, employed by most pre-Linnaean authors (e.g. Lichenoides pulmoneum reticulatum vulgare, marginibus peltiseris Dill., Hist. Musc.: 212, 1742) and in essence descriptive phrases; not “names” in the sense of the Codes as not in the binomial (binary) Linnaean system; see binominal, multinominal, polynominal. (2) (zool.) a name constructed from an immutable original binomen prefixed or interleaved with the name of the genus (and when relevant subgenus and subspecies) in which the organism is now classed, e.g. Benyllus Togea formosana indicating that Togea formosana is now placed in the genus Benyllus. polynominal: see polynomial. polyonym: (unoff.) a name of quite different and permanently confused meanings; a nomen ambiguum (q.v. ) or nomen confusum (q.v.). polyphasic: of taxonomy, the use of a range of radically different techniques on the same set or organisms in order to produce a classification. polyphyletic: (phyl.) a group that has multiple phylogenetic origins and thus excludes the most recent common ancestor of its members. polythetic: of a classification, one where the taxa are defined by a combination of characters any of which might be possessed by other taxa and any of which may not be possessed a particular member of that taxon; one in which the organisms with the most shared chanters are grouped together. polytypic: (zool., unoff.) of a taxon, one containing two or more taxa in the immediately subordinate category; cfr monotypic. population: all individuals of one taxon growing in a particular region or place (usually considered as a single biological unit). pornotype: (zool., unoff.) a type based primarily or totally on characters of the genitalia (!).
155 The naming of organisms (and plant communities) position: the place of a taxon relative to other taxa in a classification, regardless of rank. position precedence: (zool.) the position of a name or a nomenclatural act before another in the same work, i.e. on an earlier page; all other things being equal, position in a work (page or line) may be used either by a first reviser in giving precedence to a name, nomenclatural act, or spelling, or by an author in designating a type species; but its use is not mandatory. positional number: (unoff.) a proposed system in which the position of a taxon in a classification is indicated by a number preceding a scientific name, e.g. "2.2.2.2.4.6 Mecopteroidea". positive sense: (vir.) applied to an RNA molecule which can be translated by ribosomes to form proteins. Post-Linnaean System: (unoff.) an alternative system of classification, proposed by M. Ereshefsky in 2001, based on 11 recommendations, and claiming to represent the needs of cladists but not being itself strictly cladistic; the recommendations include eliminating the "Linnaean" ranks and binomials no longer indicating the rank or placement of a taxon. post-type: (zool., obsol.) rejected in favour of neotype (q.v.). potentially valid name: (zool.) an available name which is not objectively invalid. p.p.: see pro parte. pp.: of a work, used to indicate the total number of pages or a particular page range. praefamiliaris, [praefam.]: (zool., unoff.) (zool., unoff.) used in a similar manner to familiaris (q.v.) to indicate wild animals in the process of domestication, usually in an archaeological context; see exfamiliaris. pragmatotype: a pragmatype (q.v.). pragmatype: (zool., unoff.) specimen selected to serve as an interpretative type for a species name when the primary characters diagnostic for that species are not observable in the existing type, a contracted version of “pragmatotype”; see also epitype, hypotype, protype.
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Cover by Ciprian-Marius Vizitiu. Ph
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TERMS USED IN BIONOMENCLATURE: The
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Contents ABSTRACT .................
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Hawksworth 9 Introduction Terms use
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Hawksworth 11 employed, used outsid
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Hawksworth 13 The Codes All organis
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Hawksworth 15 Howell BF (1929) Defi
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Hawksworth 17
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19 The naming of organisms (and pla
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