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146 Terms used in Bionomenclature paraedeotype, [paraedotype]: (zool., unoff.) an aedeotype (q.v.) where the preparation is from a paratype. paraedotype: see paraedeotype. paragenotype: (zool., unoff.) a genotype (q.v.) designated later than one by the first reviser. parahomonym: (1) (cult. pl.) one of two or more words orthographically or phonetically so similar to each other that they are likely to be confused; see homonym, orthographic variant, paronym. (2) (bot.) one of two or more names based on different types and spelled similarly but which are likely to be confused because they apply to related taxa or any other reason, and therefore treated as homonyms (q.v.). paralectotype: each specimen of a former syntype-series (zool.) or a syntype residue (bot., q.v.) remaining after the designation of a lectotype; a lectoparatype (q.v.). parallotype: (zool., unoff.) paratypes of the same series and sex as the allotype (q.v.) described by an author other than the original author of the taxon name. paramorph: (1) (unoff.) any variant of a species, especially one that, for lack of information, cannot be more accurately defined; see morphotype. (2) (bot., obsol.) any taxonomic category below that of species. paraneotype: (zool., unoff.) an illustrated specimen used in addition to a neotype when a neotype is being designated; a neoparatype (q.v.). paranym: (unoff.) a shortened version of a parahomonym (q.v.). paraphyletic: (phyl.) a set including an ancestor but excluding some or all of its descendants. parasort: (cult. pl., unoff.) an inheritably constant morphologicalbiological state originating naturally, and existing as a collection of generations as cultivated plant populations, or in a pure state as a collective pattern; used, e.g. of variegated populations. parataxon, [pl. parataxa]: (1) (palaeo. bio.) fossil non-algal botanical taxa, which for nomenclatural purposes comprise only those parts, lifehistory stages, or preservation states of organisms that are
147 The naming of organisms (and plant communities) represented by the corresponding name-bearing types, and whose names for purposes of priority compete only with names based on a name-bearing type representing the same part, life-history stage or preservation state. (2) (zool., unoff.) a taxon, usually of fossils, based on some part less than the whole organism, e.g. form genera (q.v.) of fossil plants based on dispersed spores, detached leaves, names applied to individual fossil teeth, and any ichnotaxon (q.v.). (3) (zool., unoff.) a taxon that corresponds only to definite stages in the life-history of an organism; see also anamorph, teleomorph. (4) (zool., unoff.) a domesticated taxon, kept apart from its wild ancestor only by human vigilance. paratopotype: (zool., unoff.) a paratype from the same locality as the holotype. paratype: (1) (zool.) all specimens other than the holotype on which a species-group name is based and so designated in the original publication of the name. (2) (bot.) a specimen cited in the protologue that is neither the holotype nor an isotype, nor one of the syntypes if two or more specimens were simultaneously designated as types; see also paralectotype. (3) (prok., obsol.) a form of a bacterium possessing the sum of the characters of the normal form but differing in one or more respects. paratype allotype: (zool., unoff.) a paratype from a different locality from the holotype; a paratype (q.v.). paratype omotype: (zool., unoff.) a paratype from the same locality as the holotype; a paratype (q.v.). parenthesis, [pl. parentheses]: see brackets. paronym: (1) (unoff.) a name related etymologically to another but spelt differently (e.g. Bougainvillea and Buginvillaea) (2) (cult. pl.) a name so similar orthographically or phonetically to another name that they are likely to be confused. See also paranym. parte: see pro parte. partially suppressed name: (zool.) the older of two objective synonyms which is suppressed for the Principle of Priority alone, without also being suppressed for the Principle of Homonymy.
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Cover by Ciprian-Marius Vizitiu. Ph
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TERMS USED IN BIONOMENCLATURE: The
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Contents ABSTRACT .................
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Hawksworth 9 Introduction Terms use
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Hawksworth 11 employed, used outsid
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Hawksworth 13 The Codes All organis
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Hawksworth 15 Howell BF (1929) Defi
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Hawksworth 17
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19 The naming of organisms (and pla
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