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202 Terms used in Bionomenclature taxa termed tribes (tribus) in Fries’s Systema Mycologicum (1821- 32) are treated as validly published names of subdivisions of genera, although the term tribus was misplaced by Fries. trinomen, [pl. trinomina]: (1) a name consisting of three elements. (2) (zool.) the combination of a generic name, a specific name, and a subspecific name, that together constitute a scientific name of a subspecies; no rank-denoting term is used; the equivalent of subspecific name in (bot.) and (prok.) where a rank-denoting term is required. (3) (cult. pl.) a binominal name followed by an epithet in some infraspecific rank. (4) (bio.) the name of a species combined with an infraspecific epithet; see also combination. trinomial name: (1) (zool.) a trinomen (q.v.). (2) (palaeo., unoff.) a formal three-element name set for a fossil in PDHC (q.v.), i.e. palaeogrouptimeslot-palaeotaxon. (3) a trinomial combination (q.v.). trinomial combination: a combination of a genus and species name with that of a subspecies (zool., prok.) or any infraspecific taxon (bot.) with (bot., prok.) or without (zool.) the citation of a rank-denoting term; see trinomial name, trinomen. triplotype: (zool., unoff.) a single specimen used as the holotype for three separate new species. trivial name, [nomen trivial, nom. triv.; pl. nomina trivialia]: (bot., prok., zool.) a specific epithet; used in this sense by Linnaeus. troop: (palaeo., unoff.) a term for a large unit in a Period classification (q.v.) incorporating notionally about 1000 palaeotaxa or species; see also subtroop. turma: (palaeo. bot., unoff.) a morphologically-based suprageneric rank used in the artificial classification of fossil pollen and spores unassigned to families, e.g. Turma Poroses. typ. cons., [typus conservandus]: a type which has been conserved. type, [typ., typus, T.]: (1) a term used alone, or forming part of a compound term, to denote a particular kind of specimen or taxon. (2) (bot., prok., zool.) an element on which the descriptive matter fulfilling the conditions of availability (zool.) or valid publication (bot., prok.) for a name is based, or is considered to have been
203 The naming of organisms (and plant communities) based, and which by its taxonomic position decides the application of the name; see name-bearing type, nomenclatural type. (3) (zool.) often used as short-hand for a holotype of a species-group name. (4) (zool., unoff.) any of the original type materials. (5) (prok., unoff.) a variant within a species, showing certain distinct features, but of lower than subspecific rank; the use of the term in this sense is not recommended by the Code, even in compounds such as morphotype and serotype (q.v.), in which it has long been used; the use of the suffix "-var" is recommended instead (e.g. morphovar, serovar). (6) (phyl.) in pre-existing Codes, the specimen, specimens, or subordinate taxon to which a taxon name is permanently attached. (7) (obsol.) any of the original type material. (8) an unspecified kind of type. (9) (not nomenclatural) in printing, the style (i.e. typeface), size, shape and boldness of the letters and other characters. (10) (obsol.) a rank in the taxonomic hierarchy equivalent to phylum (q.v.). (11) (bot., not nomenclatural) used as a category for palynomorphs (i.e. pollen and spores) which cannot be separated microscopically, e.g. the "Alisma type" which includes pollen from species of Alisma, Baldellia and Luronium. type concept: (prok., zool.) an extension of the meaning from type of a name to type of a taxon (i.e. a circumscription); the type method (q.v.). type culture: (1) (bot., mycol.) a living culture derived from a holotype specimen; sometimes, incorrectly, a living culture on which a new taxon has been based; see ex-type. (2) (prok.) a strain designated as the nomenclatural type of a bacterial species or infraspecific taxon. type fixation: see fixation, fixation by elimination. type fossil: (palaeo., not nomenclatural) an index fossil (q.v.). type genus: (1) (zool.) the nominal genus that is the name-bearing type of a nominal family-group taxon. (2) (bot., prok.) the generic name which is the nomenclatural type of a name in a rank between genus and family. type horizon: (palaeo. zool.) of fossils, the geological stratum from which the name-bearing type of a nominal species or subspecies was collected.
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Cover by Ciprian-Marius Vizitiu. Ph
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TERMS USED IN BIONOMENCLATURE: The
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Contents ABSTRACT .................
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Hawksworth 9 Introduction Terms use
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Hawksworth 11 employed, used outsid
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Hawksworth 13 The Codes All organis
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Hawksworth 15 Howell BF (1929) Defi
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Hawksworth 17
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19 The naming of organisms (and pla
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