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194 Terms used in Bionomenclature any designation applied to a given taxon other than the one by which it should properly be known; see also homotypic synonym, heterotypic synonym, junior synonym, nomenclatural synonym, objective synonym, senior synonym, subjective synonym, taxonomic synonym. (5) (phyt.) names in the same rank that denominate the same syntaxon or syntaxa considered as the same syntaxon without regard to their position. (6) (unoff.) a later usage of a name cited following the correct author citation and place of publication of the name itself (a practice sometimes used to indicate works which have fuller descriptions or a changed circumscriptions); a chresonym (q.v.). synonymotype: (zool., unoff.) that constituent element of a taxon quoted by an author as identical with his or her newly described taxon. synonymy: (1) the existence of two or more names applied to the same taxon; (2) the relationship between synonyms. (3) the names considered to apply to a given taxon other than the name by which it should properly be known; (4) a list of synonyms. synoptic collection: a group of taxa that have been authoritatively identified and which serves as the basis of comparison for the identification of other specimens. synoptic key: an artificial key in which diagnostic characters are listed and the taxa showing that character are indicated below it, usually by references to numbers allocated to the taxa in the publication. synoptic table: (1) one which indicates the characters of one or more organisms in a tabular form, especially characters which are used for the separation of the taxa. (2) (phyt.) one comprising a number of relevé's on a statistical form; a synthetic table. syntaxon, [pl. syntaxa]: (phyt.) an abstract unit of phytocoenoses of any rank, defined by floristic-sociological criteria, which may (in principle) be incorporated into a hierarchical system. syntaxonomic synonym: (phyt.) a synonym based on a different nomenclatural type, but considered to belong to the same syntaxon; with a changed circumscription of the syntaxon, such a name can become nonsynonymous.
195 The naming of organisms (and plant communities) synthetic hybrid, [S1 hybrid]: (cult. pl.) a plant breeding term for the result of open pollination within a number of defined, controlled lines. synthetic table: see synoptic table. synthetograph: (zool., unoff.) an illustration made from two or more individuals of a type-series. syntype, [syntypus]: (1) (bot.) any specimen cited in the protologue (q.v.) when no holotype was designated, or any of two or more specimens simultaneously designated as types; see also lectoparatype. (2) one of two or more specimens simultaneously designated as type. (3) (zool.) each specimen (and prior to 1911 those referred to by bibliographic reference) of a type-series from which neither a holotype nor a lectotype has been designated, including (prior to 1931) those referred to by a bibliographic reference; the syntypes collectively constitute the name-bearing type. (4) (phyt.) erroneously used to replace "typus" in the nomenclature of syntaxa. (5) (obsol.) a specimen, other than the holotype, upon which an original description was based. syntype residue: (bot., unoff.) former syntypes remaining after the selection of a lectotype. synusia, [pl. synusiae]: (phyt., obsol.) a vegetation unit composed of similar life-forms with a particular ecological requirement; names of synusia are not considered as syntaxa under the Code. system: (1) of classification, the arrangement of groups relative to each other. (2) the result of a given classification of a number of living organisms, usually one dealing with a taxon of high rank (e.g. kingdom, phylum, division). T, T., [type, typus]; usually used as short-hand to denote the nomenclatural type (q.v.); (prok., bot.) commonly added after the type strain designation where the type is a permanently preserved culture (e.g. DSM 1234T or DSM 1234 T). t., tab.: tabula (q.v.).
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Cover by Ciprian-Marius Vizitiu. Ph
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TERMS USED IN BIONOMENCLATURE: The
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Contents ABSTRACT .................
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Hawksworth 9 Introduction Terms use
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Hawksworth 11 employed, used outsid
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Hawksworth 13 The Codes All organis
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Hawksworth 15 Howell BF (1929) Defi
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Hawksworth 17
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19 The naming of organisms (and pla
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