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203 The naming of organisms (and plant communities)
based, and which by its taxonomic position decides the application
of the name; see name-bearing type, nomenclatural type. (3) (zool.)
often used as short-hand for a holotype of a species-group name. (4)
(zool., unoff.) any of the original type materials. (5) (prok., unoff.) a
variant within a species, showing certain distinct features, but of
lower than subspecific rank; the use of the term in this sense is not
recommended by the Code, even in compounds such as morphotype
and serotype (q.v.), in which it has long been used; the use of the
suffix "-var" is recommended instead (e.g. morphovar, serovar). (6)
(phyl.) in pre-existing Codes, the specimen, specimens, or
subordinate taxon to which a taxon name is permanently attached.
(7) (obsol.) any of the original type material. (8) an unspecified kind
of type. (9) (not nomenclatural) in printing, the style (i.e. typeface),
size, shape and boldness of the letters and other characters. (10)
(obsol.) a rank in the taxonomic hierarchy equivalent to phylum
(q.v.). (11) (bot., not nomenclatural) used as a category for
palynomorphs (i.e. pollen and spores) which cannot be separated
microscopically, e.g. the "Alisma type" which includes pollen from
species of Alisma, Baldellia and Luronium.
type concept: (prok., zool.) an extension of the meaning from type of a
name to type of a taxon (i.e. a circumscription); the type method
(q.v.).
type culture: (1) (bot., mycol.) a living culture derived from a holotype
specimen; sometimes, incorrectly, a living culture on which a new
taxon has been based; see ex-type. (2) (prok.) a strain designated as
the nomenclatural type of a bacterial species or infraspecific taxon.
type fixation: see fixation, fixation by elimination.
type fossil: (palaeo., not nomenclatural) an index fossil (q.v.).
type genus: (1) (zool.) the nominal genus that is the name-bearing type of a
nominal family-group taxon. (2) (bot., prok.) the generic name
which is the nomenclatural type of a name in a rank between genus
and family.
type horizon: (palaeo. zool.) of fossils, the geological stratum from which
the name-bearing type of a nominal species or subspecies was
collected.