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160 Terms used in Bionomenclature pro specie, [pro sp.]: as a species; used in citations to indicate either that a binary name regarded as that of a hybrid was originally published as that of a species, or as a synonym of another. pro synonymum, [pro syn.]: (bot., unoff.) as a synonym; used in citations to indicate that the name, when first published, was merely cited as a synonym of another name accepted by the author. profanotype: (zool., unoff.) the type of a taxon the name of which is offensive, for example because of its sexual nature(!). progeny: (cult. pl.) the result of propagation. progressotype: (zool., unoff.) the type specimen of a species the original habitat of which became an urban development, and so is probably now extinct(!). proles, [prol.]: (1) (bot., cult. pl., unoff.) a rank between subspecies and variety, used for the designation or a group of varieties conformable from the ecological-morphological and often also geographical points of view. (2) (bot., obsol.) a race. proposal, [propositus, prop.]: (1) (bot.) a suggested addition or amendment to the Code or a proposal for the conservation or rejection of a name to be considered by the appropriate Permanent Committee or by a subsequent International Botanical Congress. (2) (zool.) an action, whether successful or unsuccessful, to establish a nominal taxon or name or to carry out a nomenclature act. (3) (zool.) an application to the Commission (ICZN) for the adoption of a part of the List of Available Names in Zoology; see conditional proposal. proposed conserved name, [nomen conservandum propositum, nom. cons. prop.]: (bot.) a name formally proposed for conservation but on which a decision from the relevant Permanent Committee is pending. propositum, [prop.]: proposed. prostitutotype: (zool., unoff.) a type specimen sold by the describer to the highest bidder(!). prostype, [prostypus]: (obsol.) a pattern or model in representation. -prota: (zool., unoff.) proposed as a suffix to be used to indicate protistan groups in the rank of phylum.
161 The naming of organisms (and plant communities) protected name, [nomen protectum, nom. prot.]: (1) (bio.) a listed name and its coordinate names treated as if conserved against earlier homonyms and unlisted competing synonyms. (2) (bot., unoff.) suggested to indicate the status of names on a List of names in Current use (NCU) approved by an International Botanical Congress; i.e. names protected against earlier homonyms and competing names with the orthography, authority, place and date of publication, and typification as listed. (3) (zool.) a name which has been given precedence over its unused senior synonym or senior homonym relegated to the status of nomen oblitum. proterotype: (1) (zool., unoff., obsol.) a primary type (q.v.). (2) (zool., unoff.) all the original specimens collected at one time from which the type(s) were selected. protograph: (1) (zool., unoff.) the original illustrations illustrating a holotype, i.e. those appearing in the protologue. (2) (zool. unoff.) the single illustration of a primary type made by the author of the name at the time of its original description. protologue, [prolotog]: everything associated with a name when it was first established (phyl.), validly published (bot., prok.), or made available (zool.), or in the publication in which it is eligible for establishment (bio.); e.g. description, diagnosis, phylogenetic definition, registration number, designation of type, illustrations, references, synonymy, geographical data, specimen citations, and comments. protonym: an effectively but not validly published name, especially of one taken up and validly published at a later date; not generally used of devalidated names. protoplastotype: (zool., unoff.) the cast of a proterotype (q.v.). prototype, [prototypus]: (1) (zool., unoff.) a primary type or proterotype (q.v.). (2) (not nomenclatural, obsol.) the most primitive representative of a group; most often used for a hypothetical ancestor; see archaetype. (3) (bot., obsol.) used by Linnaeus for groups he considered to have been originally made by God, the principal ones being roughly equivalent to natural orders.
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Cover by Ciprian-Marius Vizitiu. Ph
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TERMS USED IN BIONOMENCLATURE: The
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Contents ABSTRACT .................
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Hawksworth 9 Introduction Terms use
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Hawksworth 11 employed, used outsid
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Hawksworth 13 The Codes All organis
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Hawksworth 15 Howell BF (1929) Defi
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Hawksworth 17
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19 The naming of organisms (and pla
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