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192 Terms used in Bionomenclature partially suppressed name, and totally suppressed name. (2) (bio.) one placed on a list of suppressed names. (2) (phyl.) a name that would normally have precedence but does not, due to a decision by the Committee on Phylogenetic Nomenclature to give precedence to a later synonym or homonym; see also suppression. suppressed work, [opera utique oppressa]: (1) (bot.) works, ruled as suppressed, in which in which names in specified ranks are not validly published; suppression is subject to the decision of an International Botanical Congress. (2) (zool.) a work that the Commission (ICZN) has ruled to be unpublished or unavailable; see suppression. suppression, [suppress]: (1) (zool.) a ruling by the Commission (ICZN), using its plenary power, (a) that a work is to be deemed, for nomenclatural purposes as unpublished, or that names and acts in it are not available, or (b) that an available name is never to be used as valid because (i) it is only available for the purpose of homonymy (i.e. partial suppression) or (ii) it is not available for the purposes of priority and homonymy (i.e. total suppression, but a totally suppressed species-group name may still denote the type species of a nominal genus or subgenus, or (c) the available name is only to be used as valid under stated conditions (e.g. when not considered a synonym of a particular later name (i.e. conditional suppression). (2) (bot.) of a work, see suppressed work; of a name, see rejected name, suppressed name. (3) (bio.) of a name, its placing on a list of suppressed names on the authority of the ICB because it would cause a disadvantageous nomenclatural change supra, [sup.]: on the upper side; above. supra-: a prefix used when referring to all ranks above a particular one. supra citatato, [supra cit.]: of a work, one cited above. suprafamilial: of a taxon, one at a rank higher than that of family or family group. suprageneric: of a taxon, one at a rank higher than that of genus or genus group. supraspecific: of a taxon, one at a rank higher than that of species or species group.
193 The naming of organisms (and plant communities) sustaining specimen: (zool., unoff.) an auxiliary type (q.v.). symbiotype: (zool., unoff.) the host specimen from which a new parasitic or mutualistic taxon was described. symbol: (1) (not nomenclatural) a character or mark used to represent something; an ideograph (q.v.). (2) (cult. pl.) a device which is appended to a name, which is in itself no part of that name, yet which provides extra information about the taxon concerned. symphytocoenological unit: (phyt.) a vegetation complex of some kind; such units are not considered as syntaxa. syn., [synonymum]: a synonym (q.v.); often used in the abbreviated form before a name to indicate it is a synonym of the name properly to be used for the taxon concerned. synanamorph: (mycol.) one of two or more different anamorphs (q.v.) that are part of the same holomorph (q.v.). synapomorphy: (phyl.) a shared, derived character state; a shared, derived character state inherited from a common ancestor that possessed that state; a shared, independently derived character state is not considered to be a synapomorphy in the sense the term is used in the PhyloCode. syncultype: (obsol.) any strain of a microorganism cultivated by the author of the taxon and quoted in the original description when a holotype has not been selected. syndiagnostic: (obsol.) of groups formed by Linnaean diagnoses, as opposed to ones characterized by breeding freely (syngamic), in a privative fashion (asyngamic), or breeding from a common parent (epigony). synisonym: one of two or more names having the same basionym; see nomenclatural synonym. synonym, [synonynum, syn.]: (1) (zool.) each of two or more names of the same rank used to denote the same taxonomic taxon. (2) (bot., cult. pl.) a name considered to apply to the same taxon as the accepted name. (3) (phyl.) a name that is spelled differently than another name that refers to the same taxon; in the case of clade names, synonyms may be homodefinitional or heterodefinitional (q.v.). (4)
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Cover by Ciprian-Marius Vizitiu. Ph
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TERMS USED IN BIONOMENCLATURE: The
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Contents ABSTRACT .................
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Hawksworth 9 Introduction Terms use
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Hawksworth 11 employed, used outsid
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Hawksworth 13 The Codes All organis
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Hawksworth 15 Howell BF (1929) Defi
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Hawksworth 17
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19 The naming of organisms (and pla
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