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164 Terms used in Bionomenclature copies, in a way that makes it generally accessible as a permanent public record to the scientific community, be it through sale or exchange or gift, and subject to restrictions in the Code. publication date: see date. Publication, electronic: see electronic publication. publication year: (phyl., zool., and increasingly bot.) commonly cited immediately after an author citation following a scientific name, with an intervening "," in (zool.), and in round brackets (sometimes in bot.) or not (sometimes in bot., commonly in mycol.); in (zool.) also used in parenthetical citations to authors of basionyms, e.g. Cubiceps gracilis (Lowe, 1843). publish: (1) to issue any publication. (2) to issue a work that conforms to the appropriate Code. (3) to make public in a work conforming to the requirements of the appropriate Code, any names or nomenclatural acts or information affecting nomenclature. published: of a name, (bio., cult. pl., zool.) one that fulfils the requirements of publication in a Code; (bot., prok.) effectively published. published work: (1) (bot.) a work effectively published within the meaning of the Code. (2) (zool.), see publish. publishing author(s): (1) an author or authors who publish a scientific name coined by but not established (validly published) by another worker. (2) an author who mentions such a name coined by another worker incidentally. (3) the person who prepares written material, usually for publication. publishotype: (zool., unoff.) a holotype described after rumours of staff cuts (!). pupal type: (zool., unoff.) see locality type. putative synonym: (prok., unoff.) a name produced in good faith for a taxon, but which included the type of a name that should have been taken up; a subjective or taxonomic synonym.
165 The naming of organisms (and plant communities) q.e., [quod est]: which is. q.v, [quod vide]: which see; used to direct the reader to a comment on the indicated word. quadrinominal: (zool., obsol.) a scientific name in four parts, for example that of a variety within a subspecies (e.g. Myrmecocystus melliger semirfus testaceus). qualifying clause: (phyl.) a part of a phylogenetic definition hat specifies conditions under which the defined name cannot be applied. qualifying phrase: (prok.) a tag appended to a scientific name, usually after an author citation, to indicate the nomenclatural or taxonomic status of the name; e.g. nom. rej., mut. char., emend. quasi-species, [quasispecies]: (vir.) a group of virus species related by a similar mutation or mutations, and competing in a highly mutagenic environment; quasi-species have no taxonomic meaning under the Code. question mark, [?]: sometimes used as an indication of taxonomic doubt, for example as to the genus in which a new species is being described; such names can be validly published in (bot.) and (zool.), but not in (prok.); see ad interim, provisional name. quinquenominal: (zool., obsol.) a scientific name of five words, for example that of a variety within a subgenus and a subspecies (e.g. Camponotus (Myrmentoma) caryae discolour cnemidatus). quirotype: see chirotype. quoad: (obsol.) as to (the), as regards (the), to this extent; occasionally formerly used in citations to indicate what part of a taxon as circumscribed by a previous author is being referred to by the author. quod vide, [q.v.]: which see; cfr. quotation marks, [“. . . .”, ´. . . .´]: (1) (bot., prok., unoff.) used in the citation of names to indicate original spellings when these have been corrected in accordance with the Code. (2) (prok.) also used for designations that are not validly published or not yet validated by announcement in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. (3) (cult. pl.) single quotation marks are
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Cover by Ciprian-Marius Vizitiu. Ph
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TERMS USED IN BIONOMENCLATURE: The
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Contents ABSTRACT .................
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Hawksworth 9 Introduction Terms use
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Hawksworth 11 employed, used outsid
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Hawksworth 13 The Codes All organis
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Hawksworth 15 Howell BF (1929) Defi
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Hawksworth 17
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19 The naming of organisms (and pla
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101 The naming of organisms (and pl
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