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205 The naming of organisms (and plant communities)
museum) but in (zool.) can be live animals in zoos or described
from nature (including DNA sequences obtained from living birds
captured and then released back into the wild). (2) (zool., obsol.)
formerly used in the Code for a holotype, lectotype or neotype, or
for any syntype.
type strain: (prok.) the living or permanently preserved culture which is the
nomenclatural type of a species or infraspecific taxon.
typesetting: see printing, conventional.
typical: of a specimen or culture, one with characters corresponding to
those of the type material.
typicum, [-us]: (1) typical. (2) (phyt.): used as the epithet of the name of a
subassociation to indicate that it is typical of the association in
which it is placed (i.e. the same species are diagnostic), e.g. Galio-
Carpinetum typicum; see also inops.
typification: (1) the act of designating or selecting a nomenclatural type for
a name; see nomenclatural type. (2) (zool.) the fixation of a namebearing
type of a nominal taxon to provide an objective standard of
reference for the application of the name of a taxon; see Principle of
Typification.
typified name: a name whose application is determined by a nomenclatural
type under a rank-based Code.
typographic error: an error introduced by a printer.
typography: the visual presentation of printed words and numbers; the
design and style of printed matters including the form of the letters
chosen.
typology: (1) the use of types to fix the application of names. (2) (not
nomenclatural) an invariant, generalized or idealized pattern shared
by all members of group.
typonym: (1) (unoff.) the type of a name. (2) one of two names based on
the same nomenclatural type but which is neither the basionym nor a
synisonym; e.g. a later name given to the same type specimen, a
generic name based upon a species which has already been used as
the type of a different generic name. (3) (obsol.) a name based on an
indication of a type species or type specimen. (4) (bot., obsol.) a