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30 Terms used in Bionomenclature
archecultype: (unoff.) a strain of a microorganism cultivated by the author
of the taxon but lost or suffering irreversible modification before
exhaustive study which cannot be recognized with reasonable
certainty.
archetype, [archaeotype]: (1) (obsol., not nomenclatural) the ancestral
type or any group of organisms. (2) (obsol., not nomenclatural) an
ideal type; a theoretical or assumed type truly representative of the
taxon. (3) (obsol., not nomenclatural) a hypothetical type arrived at
by the elimination of specialized characters of known later forms.
(4) (obsol., not nomenclatural) the generalized or idealized pattern
shared by all members of a taxon; see also morphotype.
architype, [arquetype]: (zool., unoff.) a specimen that formed the basis of
a publication of a species prior to a modern type interpretation;
unless such a specimen is included in a modern category it cannot be
included with the types.
archive: (1) as a noun, a depositary for works (q.v.). (2) as a verb, to place
in an archive with the intent that it be permanently preserved there.
arithmotype: (1) (unoff.) a specimen distributed as an isotype of a taxon
(e.g. bearing the same collector’s number) but belonging to a taxon
which is different from the one to which the holotype belongs. (2)
(unoff.) a specimen bearing the same collecting number but not
necessarily representing the same taxon.
arquetype: see archetype.
Artenkreis: (zool., obsol.) a rank above species, now equivalent to
superspecies (q.v.).
Article, [articulum, Art.]: (bot., cult. pl., zool.): (1) the mandatory
provisions of the Code; in bot., the Notes are integral parts of the
Articles, but Examples attached to them are explanatory and cannot
be taken as binding, unless specifically voted as such by the
Nomenclature Section of an International Botanical Congress. (2)
(cult. pl.) a collection of associated rules and recommendations in
the Code; see voted example, Recommendations.
artificial classification: one that is proposed solely for ease of use and
which does not purport to demonstrate phylogenetic or taxonomic
relationships..