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157 The naming of organisms (and plant communities)
works published by Linnaeus prior to these dates are regarded as
pre-Linnaean for nomenclatural purposes.
prenomen [pl. prenomina]: (phyl.) the first part of a species binomen in
phylogenetic nomenclature; the prenomen of a species binomen in
phylogenetic nomenclature is spelled the same as a genus name of
rank-based nomenclature, but is not necessarily associated with the
rank of genus.
preoccupied name: (zool.) one already in use for another taxon with a
different type.
pre-paratype, [pre paratypum]: (bot., unoff.) proposed for application to
a living cultivated plant from which paratype material was prepared.
preparation: (bot.) in the sense of the Code, a specimen or specimens
permanently preserved by some other means than drying and
mounting on a sheet of paper, e.g. a microscope slide.
preprint: a work published, with its own specified date of publication
(imprint date), and sometimes independent pagination, in advance of
its later reissue as part of a collated cumulative work; preprints may
be effectively published (bot.) or published (zool.) for the purposes
of nomenclature; see also reprint, separate.
preserved : (1) of specimens, so treated as not to decay. (2) of fossils, ones
whose remains or casts have survived; see fossil.
pre-starting point: (bot.) names or works published prior to the starting
point date for the nomenclature of the group to which the name or
work belongs.
pre-type, [pre typum]: (bot., unoff.) proposed for application to a living
cultivated plant from which the nomenclatural type was prepared;
see also clonotype.
prevailing usage: of a name, that usage of a name which is adopted at least
by a substantial majority of the most recent authors concerned with
the relevant taxon, irrespective of how long ago their work was
published.
prevalid: (bot., unoff.) of a designation, one proposed before the starting
point date of the group concerned; not therefore validly published.