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98 Terms used in Bionomenclature incertae sedis: of an uncertain seat; i.e. of uncertain taxonomic position; usually applied to family and generic names. incidental mention: (bot., prok.) a name mentioned in passing in a publication by an author who does not give any indication that he or she accepted it or intended it to be adopted by others. incl.: see inclusus. inclusion: (1) (bot.) of the type of a name, is effected by citation of (a) the holotype or the original type, or all syntypes, or all elements eligible as types; (b) of the previously designated type; (c) the illustrations of these; or (d) citation of the name itself, unless the type is at the same time excluded either explicitly or by implication. (2) all specific names originally included by an author when proposing a new generic name. inclusus, [incl.]: included, including; sometimes used to indicate the circumscription of a taxon by the citation of its synonyms. incognitotype: (zool., unoff.) a type for which the labels have been lost; a dubiotype (q.v.). incorrect original spelling: (zool.) an original spelling that is incorrect under the Code. incorrect subsequent spelling: (zool.) any change in the spelling of an available name other than a mandatory change or an emendation. incorrect termination: (bot.) of a name, one where the termination of the word is either not the correct one for the intended rank of the name, or where it does not conform to the rules of Latin grammar. -indae: (bot., unoff.) suffix proposed for names in the rank of superfamily. indelible: of written or printed matter that cannot be erased; an indelible mark cannot be removed without also removing the substance marked by it. indelible autograph: (bot., cult. pl.) handwritten material reproduced by some mechanical or graphic process (such as lithography, offset, or metallic etching). independence: (bot., prok., zool.) of Codes, the provision that asserts they are independent from each other except in particular specified cases.
99 The naming of organisms (and plant communities) independent: (prok.) of names, ones that do not constitute homonyms because they are subject to different Codes. indeterminate, -a, [indet.]: indeterminate; of specimens or species that cannot be identified; see undetermined. index: an alphabetical listing of the names or subjects in a work, usually with references to the page numbers on which they are treated; see also Official Index. index fossil: (paleo., not nomenclatural) a fossil characteristic of an assemblage zone and which as far as is known is restricted to it. Index Bergeyana: (prok., obsol.) a catalogue of the thousands of bacterial names proposed, which was published in 1966; see Approved List. Index Fungorum: the de facto world mycological nomenclator (q.v.), which aims to include all names proposed for fungi since 1753; now maintained by a partnership of CBS—Fungal Diversity Centre, CAB International, and Landcare Research; available free at http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/indexfungorumpartnership.ht m. Index Herbariorum: a catalogue of the herbaria (q.v.; including fungaria) throughout the world, prepared and published by the International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT), and providing unambiguous abbreviations for the collections included; available free at http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/herbarium_list.php. Index Kewensis: a catalogue of seed plant names at the rank of family and below published since 1753, prepared by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, which started publication in 1893, and also now includes ferns and fern allies; digitized in the International Plant Names Index (q.v.). Index Nominum Genericorum Plantarum, [ING]: (bot.) a catalogue of validly published names of genera in all groups of organisms covered by the Code, and prepared by the International Association for Plant Taxonomy in collaboration with the Smithsonian Institution; available online at http://botany.si.edu/ing/). Index Seminum: (bot.) a Seed List (q.v.).
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Cover by Ciprian-Marius Vizitiu. Ph
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TERMS USED IN BIONOMENCLATURE: The
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Contents ABSTRACT .................
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Hawksworth 9 Introduction Terms use
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Hawksworth 11 employed, used outsid
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Hawksworth 13 The Codes All organis
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Hawksworth 15 Howell BF (1929) Defi
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Hawksworth 17
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19 The naming of organisms (and pla
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