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176 Terms used in Bionomenclature secondary type: (zool., unoff.) a specimen used to supplement or correct knowledge of a previously described species; a heautotype, neotype or plesiotype; see also epitype. section, [sect.]: (1) (bot.) a category of taxa intermediate in rank between subgenus and series. (2) (zool.) a rank that if treated as a division of a genus or subgenus deemed to be of subgeneric rank for the purposes of nomenclature. (3) a taxon at the rank of section. Section, Nomenclature: see Nomenclature Section. secundum, [sec.]: (1) (unoff.) according to; see fide, teste. (2) (unoff.) proposed for use in author citations to indicate either the author whose circumscription (taxonomic concept) is adopted, or the work used in identification (e.g. Dicranum fuscescens Sm. 1804 sec. Ludwig et al. 1996); when used to indicate different circumscriptions, use with a range of ideographs has been suggested to indicate more inclusive (>), less inclusive (< ), identical (= =) usages, etc. sedis mutabilis, [sed. mut.]: (unoff.) used to indicate a changed taxonomic placement. Seed List: (bot.) a printed list of the names of plants that a botanic garden has seeds of which are available as a gift or for exchange with other botanical gardens; an index seminum (q.v.). segregate: (1) (cult. pl.) a hybrid individual in which characters of one or another parental stock (as contrasted to characters intermediate between those of the parental stocks), are apparent. (2) a part of a taxon that is split into two or more parts. selection: see maintenance. selling name: see trade designation. semaphoront: (zool., not nomenclatural) each morphological phase of an organism in different times in which it is examined during its lifetime (e.g. egg, larval and pupal stages, and adult). semi-naked combination: (bot., unoff.) a new combination (q.v.) in which all the bibliographic information required by the Code for valid publication is not supplied (e.g. the page number in the work where the basionym was validly published; see also naked name.
177 The naming of organisms (and plant communities) semi-naked name: see nomen seminudum, nomen subnudum, semi-naked combination. semispecies: (1) (zool., not nomenclatural) used to indicate the intermediate nature of geographically isolated populations for which the exact ranking is difficult to determine on the evidence available. (2) (zool., unoff.) the component species of a superspecies; see also allospecies. (3) (bot., unoff.) an incipient species, not a rank term; a group of actually or potentially interbreeding populations, which are chromosomally somewhat different, but not effectively reproductively isolated from other such groups. senior homonym: (zool.) of two homonyms, the first established, or in the case of simultaneous establishment the one given precedence under the Code. senior synonym: (zool.) of two synonyms, the earlier established, or in the case of simultaneous establishment that given precedence under the Code; earlier synonym, older synonym. sensu, [sens., s.]: in the sense of; often used to refer to the use of a name by a cited author in a sense different from that of the original or some other previous author; see misapplied name. sensu amplo, [sens. ampl., s. ampl.]: in a broad sense. sensu lato, [sens. lat., s. lat.]: in a broad sense. sensu novo: (prok., unoff.) in a new sense; used after author citations to indicate that a name is being used with either a wider or a narrower circumscription. sensu stricto, [sens. str., s. str., s. s.]: in a strict sense. (1) of a taxon, in the sense of the type of its name, or in the sense of its circumscription by its original describer. (2) (zool.), of a taxon, used in conjunction with a name when referring to the nominal taxon in the narrow sense of its subordinate nominotypical taxon. separate: a copy (reprint or offprint) of a work contained in a part of a book or other larger work (e.g. a journal), intended for distribution (usually privately by the author(s)) detached from the larger work which contains it but with its own specified date of publication (imprint date); in (zool.) the distribution of separates after 1999 does
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TERMS USED IN BIONOMENCLATURE: The
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Contents ABSTRACT .................
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Hawksworth 9 Introduction Terms use
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Hawksworth 11 employed, used outsid
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Hawksworth 13 The Codes All organis
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Hawksworth 15 Howell BF (1929) Defi
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Hawksworth 17
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19 The naming of organisms (and pla
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