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191 The naming of organisms (and plant communities)
superfluous combination, [combinatio superflua, comb. superfl.]: (bot.)
a new combination (q.v.) made in the belief that it had not been
made before, but actually unnecessary as that combination had
already been validly published.
superfluous name, [nomen superfluum, nom. superf.]: (1) (bot.) a name
applied to a taxon circumscribed by the author to definitely include
the type of a name which ought to have been adopted, or of which
the epithet ought to have been adopted, under the Code. (2) (phyl.) a
name that was substituted for another name that was acceptable and
should therefore have been used. (3) (phyt.) a new name for a
syntaxon whose original diagnosis contains the original diagnosis of
a syntaxon published earlier or at least the nomenclatural type of its
legitimate name (which may be given merely in synonymy) that is
therefore illegitimate.
superior rank: (unoff.) the next higher category in the nomenclatural
hierarchy to which a taxon or syntaxon is assigned.
superior taxon: (unoff.) a taxon in the next higher category in the
nomenclatural hierarchy to which a particular taxon is assigned.
superordinal: (zool., unoff.) a rank above that of order.
superspecies: (1) (prok., zool., unoff.) a monophyletic group of very
closely related and largely or entirely allopatric species, too different
to be included in a particular species; a rank above species and
below genus. (2) (bot., unoff., obsol.) one with additional
chromosomes, e.g. an aneuploid or tetraploid.
supplementary rank: of a rank one of the categories to which every
individual organism can be referred but which is not mandatory to
use (e.g. it is not mandatory to use a subgeneric name in a genus not
divided into subgenera); see principal ranks.
supplementary type: (zool., unoff.) a described or figured specimen used
in a publication in extending or correcting the knowledge of a
previously defined species; a hypotype (q.v.) or secondary type
(q.v.).
suppressed name: (1) (zool.) an otherwise available name ruled by the
Commission (ICZN) as not be used as valid in all or particular
circumstances; see suppression, conditionally suppressed name,