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HYDRAZINE
CAS No: 302-01-2
I. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES (From HSDB, 1994)
Molecular weight 32.05
Boiling point
113.5°C
Melting point
2.0°C
Vapor pressure 14.44 mm Hg @ 25°C
Air concentration conversion 1 ppm = 1.31 mg/m 3
II.
HEALTH ASSESSMENT VALUES
Unit Risk Factor: 4.9 E-3 (µg/m 3 ) -1
Slope Factor: 1.7 E+1 (mg/kg-day) -1
[Calculated by US EPA (1991) from the male rat nasal cavity tumor data of MacEwan et al.
(1980) using a linearized multistage procedure (Global 82), extra risk]
Oral Cancer Potency Factor: 3.0 E+0 (mg/kg/day) -1
[Calculated by US EPA (1991) from the male mouse liver tumor data of Biancifiori (1970)
using a linearized multistage procedure (Global 82), extra risk]
III.
CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS
Human Studies
A published letter (Roe, 1978) presented mortality data from two hydrazine manufacturing plants
(belonging to one of nine companies in the trade). This study included 423 workers employed at one
plant between 1963 and 1975 (151 workers) and at a second plant (272 workers) between 1945 and
1970. Five cancer deaths were reported (three of the stomach, one prostatic and one neurogenic). A
follow-up study of this cohort extended the observation period to 1982 (Wald et al., 1984). The only
excess cancer mortality was the result of two lung cancer cases in the highest exposure group (relative
risk = 1.2, 95% confidence interval 0.2 - 4.5). The author concluded that neither group of workers
demonstrated an increased risk of cancer associated with occupational exposure to hydrazine. No
other studies on human hydrazine exposure have been published.
Animal Studies
Several studies have tested the ability of hydrazine sulfate administered by gavage or in drinking water to
induce cancer. Lung adenomas and adenocarcinomas and liver hepatomas and hepatocarcinomas were
observed in both mice and rats. These studies have been reviewed by IARC (1974) and US EPA
(1988). Lung tumors, reticulum-cell sarcomas and myeloid leukemias have also been observed to
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