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Table 2. Studies Included in Meta-analysis of Diesel Exhaust Exposure and Lung Cancer
Study (year) Design Occupation or Smoking RR C.I.
(Location)* Exposure Group Adjusted
Ahlberg et al. (1981) Cohort (†) Truck drivers no 1.33 1.13-1.56
Balarajan & McDowall (1988) Cohort (†) Truck drivers no 1.59 1.00-2.53 a
Bender et al. (1989) Cohort (‡) Highway maintenance no 0.69 0.52-0.90
Benhamou et al. (1988) Case-control (†) Professional drivers yes 1.42 1.07-1.89
Buiatti et al. (1985) Case-control (†) Transportation general yes 1.1 0.7-1.6
Benhamou et al. (1988) Case-control (†) Mechanics yes 1.06 0.73-1.54
Boffetta et al. (1988) Cohort (‡) Truck drivers yes 1.24 0.93-1.66
Cohort (‡) Railroad workers yes 1.59 0.94-2.69
Cohort (‡) Heavy equipment operators yes 2.60 1.12-6.06
Boffetta et al. (1990) Case-control (‡) Probable DE > 30 yr yes 1.49 0.72-3.11
Coggon et al. (1984) Case-control (†) Diesel exhaust exposed group no 1.1 0.7-1.8
Damber & Larsson (1987) Case-control (†) Professional drivers yes 1.2 0.6-2.2
Edling et al. (1987) Cohort (†) Bus drivers no 0.69 b 0.2-1.6 b
Garshick et al. (1987) Case-control (‡) Railroad workers > 20 yrs c yes 1.55 1.09-2.21
Garshick et al. (1988) Cohort (‡) Railroad workers > 15 yrs c no 1.82 1.30-2.55
Guberan et al. (1992) Cohort (†) Professional drivers no 1.50 1.23-1.81 e
Gustafsson et al. (1986) Cohort (†) Dock workers no 1.32 1.05-1.66
Gustvasson et al. (1990) Nested casecontrol
Bus garage workers > 20 yr d no 1.49 d 1.25-1.77 d
(†)
Hansen (1993) Cohort (†) Truck drivers no 1.6 1.26-2.0
Hayes et al. (1989) Case-control (‡) Truck drivers > 10 yr yes 1.5 1.1-2.0
Case-control (‡) Bus drivers > 10 yr yes 1.7 0.8-3.4
Case-control (‡) Mechanic (excl auto) > 10 yr yes 2.1 0.9-5.2
Case-control (‡) Heavy equip. operators > 10 yr yes 2.1 0.6-7.1
Howe et al. (1983) Cohort (‡) Railroad workers probably no 1.35 1.13-1.61 a
exposed
Lerchen et al. (1987) Case-control (‡) Diesel exhaust grouped yes 0.6 0.2-1.6
Magnani et al. (1988)
Death certificate Diesel exhaust grouped no 0.97 0.95-1.00
study (†)
Menck & Henderson (1976) Cohort (‡) Truck drivers no 1.65 1.13-2.40 a
Cohort (‡) Mechanic (excl auto) no 3.32 1.35-8.18 a
Nokso-Koivisto & Pukkala(1994) Cohort (†) Railroad workers no 0.90 d 0.79-1.04 d
Pfluger & Minder (1994) Case-control (†) Professional drivers yes 1.48 1.30-1.68
Rafnsson & Gunnarsdottir (1991) Cohort (†) Truck drivers > 30 yr no 2.32 0.85-5.04
Rushton et al. (1983) Cohort (†) Bus garage workers/mechanics no 1.01 0.82-1.22
Siemiatycki et al. (1988) Case-control (‡) Diesel exhaust grouped yes 1.1 0.8-1.5 e
Steenland et al. (1990) Case-control (‡) Truck drivers > 18 yr yes 1.55 0.97-2.47
Case-control (‡) Truck mechanic > 18 yr yes 1.50 0.59-3.40
Swanson et al. (1993) Case-control (‡) Heavy truck drivers > 20 yr yes 2.44 d 1.43-4.16 d
Case-control (‡) Railroad workers > 10 yr yes 2.46 d 1.24-4.89 a
Wegman & Peters (1978) Case-control (‡) Transportation equip. operators no 2.39 b 0.70-8.05 b
Wong et al. (1985) Cohort (‡) Heavy equip. operators > 20 yr no 1.07 1.00-1.15 a
a Calculated from p-value.
b Calculated from data presented in publication.
c Risk estimates excluding shop workers.
d Pooled risk estimates from two racial or duration categories.
e 90% confidence intervals originally presented within study.
DE = diesel exhaust
RR = risk ratio
C.I.= 95% confidence interval.
* Location: (†)Europe, (‡)North America
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