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Table 1:<br />

Reference<br />

Menck and<br />

Henderson,<br />

1976<br />

USA<br />

Decoufle et<br />

al. 1977<br />

USA<br />

Williams et<br />

al. 1977<br />

USA<br />

Leupker and<br />

Smith, 1978<br />

USA<br />

Ahlberg et<br />

al. 1981<br />

Sweden<br />

Epidemiological Studies of Exposure to Diesel Exhaust and Lung Cancer Studies Among<br />

Truck Drivers<br />

Study Design,<br />

Population, and<br />

Exposures<br />

Cohort<br />

Truck drivers<br />

Case-control<br />

Truck or tractor<br />

driver<br />

> 5 years as truck,<br />

bus or taxi driver<br />

Case-control<br />

Transportation<br />

Industry<br />

Truck drivers<br />

Railroad workers<br />

Truck Industry<br />

Cohort<br />

Total cohort<br />

Age 50-59<br />

Cohort<br />

All truck drivers*<br />

Stockholm truck<br />

drivers#<br />

Cases<br />

or<br />

deaths<br />

Effect<br />

Measure<br />

109 SMR<br />

1.65<br />

56<br />

50<br />

38<br />

22<br />

12<br />

13<br />

34<br />

not<br />

given<br />

161<br />

OR<br />

1.07<br />

0.89<br />

RR<br />

1.17<br />

1.52<br />

1.40<br />

1.34<br />

SMR<br />

1.21<br />

1.37<br />

RR<br />

1.33<br />

1.62<br />

Confidence<br />

Interval a or<br />

P-Value<br />

p < 0.01<br />

N.S.<br />

N.S.<br />

N.S.<br />

N.S.<br />

N.S.<br />

N.S.<br />

N.S.<br />

p < 0.001<br />

1.13-1.56<br />

1.15-2.28<br />

Comments<br />

Included 2,161 lung cancer cases identified from death<br />

certificates in white males, aged 20 to 64, from 1968 through<br />

1970, and 1777 incident cases of lung cancer reported to LA<br />

County Cancer Surveillance Program for 1972 - 73.<br />

Occupational in<strong>format</strong>ion obtained from death certificates or<br />

hospital admission sheets/medical records represented the<br />

last occupation and industry of employment. No data on<br />

smoking.<br />

Hospital-based study of 6,434 cancers cases admitted to<br />

Roswell Park Memorial Institute between 1956 and 1965.<br />

Controls were patients admitted with non-neoplastic disease.<br />

Occupation and smoking data obtained by questionnaire.<br />

Crude adjustment for smoking. Inadequate latency.<br />

Study examined cancer incidence and its relation to<br />

occupation and industry based on the U.S. 3rd National<br />

Cancer Survey. The number of cases of cancer at various<br />

sites were compared with that of cases at all other sites<br />

combined. Occupational history (main and recent<br />

employment) and data on smoking were obtained by<br />

interview (n = 7,518). IARC noted the potential bias in this<br />

study due to the relatively low level of response to the<br />

questionnaire (57%). Results were controlled for tobacco<br />

use, alcohol consumption, race, education and geographic<br />

location.<br />

Death certificates for a 3-month period in 1976 in the Central<br />

States Teamster population were examined. Comparison<br />

group was the US male population and was not adjusted for<br />

race. No data on smoking. Authors noted the follow-up was<br />

short. Retirees and members with lapsed benefits were<br />

excluded. 48,358 members were eligible in the 50-59 age<br />

group.<br />

Cohort consisted of 34,027 Swedish drivers considered to be<br />

exposed to diesel exhaust identified from the 1960 national<br />

census. Reference population consisted of blue-collar<br />

workers from the same census thought to have had no<br />

exposure to petroleum products or chemicals (n=686,708).<br />

No data on smoking; however, a study of 470 professional<br />

drivers in Stockholm found that 78% of fuel truck drivers and<br />

31% of other truck drivers smoked compared to 40% in the<br />

Swedish population (citing unpublished study). # Subset of<br />

all non-fuel tank drivers. *Does not include fuel tank drivers.<br />

a 95% Confidence intervals unless noted. N.S.= Not significant. No confidence intervals or p-values<br />

reported in original study. DE = Diesel Exhaust. OR = Odds Ratio, RR = Relative Risk, SIR =<br />

Standardized Incidence Ratio, SMR = Standardized Mortality Ratio<br />

435

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