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Table 1 (continued):
Epidemiological Studies of Exposure to Diesel Exhaust and Lung Cancer
Studies Among Transport (i.e. bus) and Equipment Workers
Reference
Study Design,
Population, and
Exposures
Cases
or
deaths
Effect
Measure
Confidence
Interval a or
P-Value
Comments
Gustavsson et
al. 1990
Sweden
Cohort
Total (deaths)
DE exposure index:
0-10*
10-30
>30
Nested case-control
(20 incident cases)
0-10*
10-20
20-30
>30
17
5
5
7
5
2
3
10
SMR
1.22
0.97
1.52
1.27
RR
1.0
1.34
1.81
2.43
0.71-1.96
Reference
1.09-1.64
1.20-2.71
1.32-4.47
Cohort consisted of 695 bus garage workers
employed as mechanics, servicemen or hostlers for
at least six months in five bus garages in Stockholm
between 1945 and 1970. A nested case-control
study was performed within the cohort. Follow-up
was through 1986. No data on smoking although no
large variation in smoking habits was expected
within the cohort. Exposure to diesel exhaust and
asbestos were assessed based on time periodspecific
data on job tasks. Lung cancer cases were
identified through tumor and death registries. In the
cohort analysis regional rates were used for
comparison. *Cumulative exposure index values
(unitless).
Gustafsson et
al. 1986
Sweden
Cohort
Deaths
Incident cases
71
89
SMR
1.29
SIR
1.53
1.02-1.63
1.24-1.80
Cohort consisted of 6,071 Swedish dockworkers
first employed before 1974 for at least six months.
The group was followed from January 1961 through
January 1981. Cancer morbidity was determined
among 6,071 dockworkers who had been alive and
without cancer in January 1961. Comparison
group was Swedish male population. Diesel trucks
were introduced into Swedish ports in the late 1950s
and became prevalent during the 1960s. No data on
smoking. See Emmelin et al. (1993) for results from
the follow-up study. Employment as a dockworker
was the only information on diesel exhaust exposure
used in the analysis.
a 95% Confidence intervals unless noted. N.S.= Not significant. No confidence intervals or p-values
reported in original study. DE = Diesel Exhaust, OR = Odds Ratio, RR = Relative Risk, SIR =
Standardized Incidence Ratio, SMR = Standardized Mortality Ratio
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