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3. Skin cancers were not surgically removed from diseased persons.
The population at risk was classified into 4 age groups (0-19, 20-39, 40-59 and ≥ 60 years of age) and
three dose groups (0 - 0.3, 0.3 - 0.6 and > 0.6 ppm drinking water arsenic concentration) for males
and females separately from the reported prevalence rates (Tseng et al., 1968, 1977) as percentages.
The assumption was made that the Taiwanese persons had a constant arsenic exposure from birth, and
that males and females consumed 3.5 L and 2 L drinking water/day, respectively. The multistage
procedure was used to predict dose-specific and age-specific skin cancer prevalence rates associated
with ingestion of inorganic arsenic. Both linear and quadratic model fitting of the data were conducted.
The maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) of skin cancer risk for a 70 kg person drinking 2 L of
water/day, adjusted for U.S. population survivorship by life-table analysis, ranged from 1 E-3 to 2 E-3
for an arsenic intake of 1 µg/kg/day. Expressed as a single value, the cancer unit risk for drinking water
is 5 E-5 (µg/L) -1 ; the corresponding cancer potency value is 1.5 E-0 (mg/kg/day) -1 .
V. REFERENCES
Baetjer A, Levin M and Lillienfeld A 1975. Federal Register 40:3392-3403.
Berteau P, Flom J, Dimmick R and Boyd A. 1977. Studies on potential neoplastic effects of arsenic
aerosols. Naval Biosciences Laboratory, (School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley).
Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA.
Berteau P, Flom J, Dimmick R and Boyd A. 1978. Long term study of potential carcinogenicity of
inorganic arsenic aerosols to mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 45:323.
Borgono J and Greiber R. 1972. Epidemiological study of arsenicism in the city of Antofagasta. Trace
Substances in Environmental Health V. Hemphill D, ed. University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, pp.
13-24.
California Department of Health Services (CDHS) 1990. Report to the Air Resources Board on
Inorganic Arsenic. Part B. Health Effects of Inorganic Arsenic. Air Toxicology and Epidemiology
Section, Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Branch, Department of Health Services, Berkeley,
CA.
Cebrian M, Albores A, Aguilar M and Blakely E. 1983. Chronic arsenic poisoning in the north of
Mexico. Human Toxicol 2:121-133.
Chen C, Chuang Y, Lin T and Wu H. 1985. Malignant neoplasms among residents of a blackfoot
disease-endemic area in Taiwan: high-arsenic artesian well water and cancers. Cancer Res 45:5895-
5899.
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