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Table 1 (continued):
Reference
Milne et al.
1983
USA
Study Design,
Population, and
Exposures
Case-control
Occupational groups:
All transport
operatives
Bus drivers
Truck drivers
Epidemiological Studies of Exposure to Diesel Exhaust and Lung Cancer Studies
Among Truck Drivers
Cases
or
deaths
36
4
23
Effect
Measure
OR
1.3
(1.1)*
3.5
(2.8)*
Confidence
Interval a or
P-Value
N.S.
p < 0.05*
p < 0.05*
Comments
Study compared lung cancer deaths with mortality from all
other cancers in Alameda County between 1958 and 1962 to
investigate possible associations between lung cancer and
occupation. Data on cause of death and occupation were
obtained from death certificates. No data on smoking or the
types of vehicle engines. Results reported are for males.
*Results in parentheses are ORs with potential
occupationally related cancer removed from the control
population. Significant risk estimates only observed when
compared with control group before such cancers removed.
Other transport
Industry groups:
Railroad
7
34
1.6
(1.3)*
0.7
(0.6)*
N.S.
N.S.
Hall and
Wynder,
1984
USA
Case-control
Usual employment:
Total diesel-exposed
- adjusted for
smoking
Selected occupations:
Truck drivers
Railroad workers
Heavy equipment
repairmen &
operators
- adjusted for
smoking
Smoking & DE
exposure:
Non & ex-smokers
< 20 cigarettes/day
> 20 cigerettes/day
45
22
5
10
10
10
7
0.8
(0.8)*
OR
2.0
1.4
1.4
2.6
3.5
1.9
1.46*
0.82*
1.30*
1.2-3.2
0.8-2.4
0.7-2.6
0.5-12.8
1.0-11.8
0.6-5.5
0.9-2.3
0.5-1.4
0.8-2.1
Study consisted of 502 men with histologically confirmed
primary lung cancer (20 to 80 years old) and matched control
patients in 18 hospitals in six cities. Controls with tobaccorelated
diseases were excluded. Patients were interviewed
between December 1980 and November 1982. Smoking data
were obtained. Occupations were grouped either
dichotomously as exposed to diesel exhaust (warehousemen,
bus drivers, truck drivers, railroad workers, heavy equipment
operators) or unexposed. Exposure categorization also
conducted by NIOSH-based occupational classifications with
job title classified as having “probable” exposure to diesel
exhaust as either “high” (10 cases), “moderate” (16 cases) or
“little or none” (476 cases). No significantly elevated risks
were reported in this latter analysis (data not shown here).
See also Boffetta et al., 1990. *Compared DE exposed to
unexposed within each smoking category.
a 95% Confidence intervals unless noted. N.S.= Not significant. No confidence intervals or p-values
reported in original study. DE = Diesel Exhaust. OR = Odds Ratio, RR = Relative Risk, SIR =
Standardized Incidence Ratio, SMR = Standardized Mortality Ratio
436