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Table 1 (continued):
Reference
Burns and
Swanson
1991
USA
Swanson et
al. 1993
USA
Study Design,
Population, and
Exposures
Case-control
Drivers (white)
All drivers (race adj.)
Railroad workers
Case-control
Occupation and
duration:
1) White males
Heavy truck drivers
0 years
1-9 years
10-19 years
20+ years
Light truck drivers
0 years
1-9 years
10+ years
Railroad workers
0 years
1-9 years
10+ years
2) Black males
Heavy truck drivers
0 years
1-9 years
10-19 years
20+ years
Railroad workers
0 years
Epidemiological Studies of Exposure to Diesel Exhaust and Lung Cancer Studies
Among Truck Drivers
Cases
or
deaths
187
238
14
88
78
38
121
88
46
36
73
27
40
12
27
16
16
15
Effect
Measure
OR
2.40
1.88
1.27
OR
1.0
1.4
1.6
2.5
1.0
1.7
2.1
1.0
1.2
2.4
1.0
2.7
1.9
2.1
1.0
Confidence
Interval a or
P-Value
1.65-3.48
1.37-2.58
0.45-3.53
Reference
0.8-2.4*
0.8-3.5*
1.1-4.4*
Reference
0.9-3.3
0.9-4.6
Reference
0.5-2.7
1.1-5.1
Reference
0.8-9.2
0.5-7.2
0.5-9.2
Reference
Comments
Occupational and smoking histories were obtained by
telephone interview for 5,935 incident lung cancer cases and
3,956 incident colon and rectal
cancer controls diagnosed between 1984 and 1987 and
reported to the Detroit cancer registry. The smoking- and raceadjusted
OR for all drivers (238 cases, 86 controls) was 1.88
(95% C.I. = 1.37-2.58), while drivers of “heavy trucks” (166
cases, 48 controls), maintained a higher risk even after
adjustment for smoking, OR = 2.31 (95% C.I. = 1.56-3.42).
Mechanics also had a significantly elevated OR for lung cancer
(OR = 1.72, 95% C.I. = 1.15-2.59). The types of the vehicle
engines were not specified. Results were adjusted for
smoking.
See Swanson et al. 1993.
Cases and controls were from OCISS (see Burns and Swanson,
1991 for description of subjects). Incident lung cancer cases
among black and white
males, aged 40 to 84, from 1984 through 1987 are included in
this report. Controls were colon and rectal cancer cases.
Information on occupation,
smoking, medical history were obtained by telephone
interview. Results were adjusted for age at diagnosis, race and
smoking.
*Test for trend p ≤ 0.05.
a 95% Confidence intervals unless noted. N.S.= Not significant. No confidence intervals or p-values
reported in original study. DE = Diesel Exhaust. OR = Odds Ratio, RR = Relative Risk, SIR =
Standardized Incidence Ratio, SMR = Standardized Mortality Ratio
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