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Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to N-nitrosopiperidine in the drinking water 5
days/week for the life of the animals at exposure levels of 0, 0.024, 0.12, 0.6 and 3 mg/kg body weight
(group sizes were 40, 78, 75, 34 and 34 animals, respectively) (Eisenbrand et al., 1980). Significant
increases were noted in the incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and liver tumors
(hemangioendotheliomas, and hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas). Tumor incidence data is listed
in Table 2.
Table 2. Induction of liver tumors in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats by N-
nitrosopiperidine (Eisenbrand et al., 1980)
Dose group
Average dose 1
Tumor incidence 2
(mg/kg/day) -1 (mg/kg/day) -1
0 0 0/40
0.024 0.0171 3/78
0.12 0.0857 5/75
0.6 0.429 16/34
3.0 2.14 11/34
1. Doses as reported by Gold et al. (1987).
2. Tumor incidences (males and females combined) as reported by Gold et al. (1987).
Adamson and Sieber (1982) exposed male and female rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys to N-
nitrosopiperidine by gavage (400 mg/kg body weight, 5 days/week; average dose 279 and 280 mg/kgday
for cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys, respectively); male and female rhesus monkeys were also
exposed to N-nitrosopiperidine by intraperitoneal injection (40 mg/kg body weight; average dose 5.59
mg/kg). Exposure and total experimental (exposure and untreated observation period) durations were
90 and 92 months, respectively for cynomolgus monkeys, 8 and 9 years, respectively for rhesus
monkeys exposed by gavage, and 91 and 93 months, respectively, for rhesus monkeys exposed by
intraperitoneal injection. Increased incidences of hepatocellular carcinomas were found in treated
cynomolgus monkeys (5/5 compared to 0/38 in controls), rhesus monkeys exposed by gavage (6/7
compared to 0/32 in controls) and in rhesus monkeys exposed by intraperitoneal injection (3/5
compared to 0/32 in controls).
Ketkar et al. (1983) exposed male and female Syrian golden hamsters (30/sex/treatment group; 50/sex
for controls) to 0, 0.006, 0.025 or 0.05% N-nitrosopiperidine in drinking water for the life of the
animals. Increased incidences were noted for respiratory tract tumors (papillary polyps, papillomas and
epidermoid carcinomas of the larynx, pharynx and trachea), liver tumors (hepatocellular adenomas and
carcinomas, cholangiomas and cholangiocarcinomas) and digestive tract tumors (forestomach and colon
adenocarcinomas). Tumor incidence data is listed in Table 3.
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