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Slika 16 | Mapping audio spots of memory, www.memoryloops.net. A particular phenomenon in creating a digital memorial was the attempt of two former Yugoslavs who migrated to the Netherlands after the collapse. They decided to put up a parallel, virtual country, Cyber Yugoslavia, with all the works: the constitution, ―variable‖ symbols, digital passports, located on the internet and occupying the area of 0 m 2 . 244 They explain: For us, the only reality that could be real was virtual. The last ten years look like a dream, an illusion. People might say that the site was made by nostalgic ex- Yugoslavs but I don't see us as that. We spent our youth in a country which at that time was very good if you were young. But nobody wants to make a political statement, we don't want to say that this was a better country. It was a very tolerant and interesting intellectual climate – this site doesn't refer to the country or the politics, it's supposed to be fun. 245 244 The site was available at www.juga.com since late 1999, but has apparently been shut down; today it plainly displays ―It works!,‖ accessed 31 August 2011. 245 Apparently the site attracted not only former Yugoslavs, but other ‗nationals‘ as well: even before the official launch, 400 Bangladeshi applied for citizenship, see Chris Nuttall, ―Sci/Tech Birth of a Nation,‖ bbc.co.uk, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/413420.stm, accessed 31 August 2011. 112
The site is no longer operable, yet as can be seen from the archived version it was a rather humorous attempt to paying tribute to the deceased country. It was not so much a commemorative attempt as it was an attempt to create an online social space for post-Yugoslavs. When it was founded, CY had no territory. There were 152 founding citizens. When the number of citizens reaches five million, CY will request membership of the United Nations, and soon after CY will request a territory of 20 square meters, anywhere on the Globe, where it will place its server. This will be the official territory of CY, where its DNS entry will be located: http://www.juga.com. 246 What makes this site a digital memorial can be traced in the fact that the website and the initiative tried to revive Yugoslavia in several aspects (tolerance, intellectual freedom), which in a way presupposes taking an active part in translating a part of history into the present (which essentially is the role of a memorial). Moreover, today the site can be seen as a memorial in that it has ceased to exist and has become the stuff of memory of the early Yugonostalgia, only available in the Internet Archive. 247 246 See ―Constitution of CY (English),‖ http://web.archive.org/web/20000229172317/http://www.juga.com/Constitution/const_eng.htm, accessed 2 September 2011. 247 Internet Archive, http://www.archive.org/, accessed 21 September 2011. 113
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UNIVERSITY OF NOVA GORICA GRADUATE
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Some cases in vernacular digital me
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others in the remains of Yugoslavia
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Chapter 1 | Introduction: Cyberplac
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storytelling, memories and memorial
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conceptual framework supporting thi
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Media and Memory The most ubiquitou
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Archiving, Techno-topia and Pervasi
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as an archive, 29 the randomness of
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technologies (typewriters, calculat
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digital age. 41 Yet, considering th
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which she can, at the click of the
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However, in the case of Yugoslav di
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narrativisations, sampling, remixin
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cultural frameworks.‖ 67 Moreover
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from ‗pre-media‘ (before the in
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framework accounts for numerous eme
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outside the process of representati
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understanding of (the production an
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they are able through digital conne
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Setting Sail Reappropriations and r
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After the internet and digital comm
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that was made during the era of soc
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create and communicate, via digital
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time.‖ 127 Drawing on this concep
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the different musics‘ ―common f
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Blogging and Memory The practice of
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enhanced in blogging, it apparently
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and enthusiasts alike. Thus, for in
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videos are used as audiovisual reco
Page 61 and 62: Figure 4 | Yugoslav Airlines Luggag
Page 63 and 64: the posts are fairly scant textuall
Page 65 and 66: Finally, if initially recording and
Page 67 and 68: spectacle for which that audience h
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Page 73 and 74: encourages the visitors to buy. 173
Page 75 and 76: also provides a genre distinction a
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Page 79 and 80: Through referring (nostalgically) t
Page 81 and 82: posts he uses a first-person, very
Page 83 and 84: the past ... on the part of the vis
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Page 87 and 88: music. Such blog-enabled preservati
Page 89 and 90: This activity is in a way similar t
Page 91 and 92: I guess that in 1984 Luna and Katar
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Page 95 and 96: makes it into an organised database
Page 97 and 98: which required more ‗action‘ to
Page 99 and 100: files as digital media objects. As
Page 101 and 102: Chapter 3 | YouTube and Digital Mem
Page 103 and 104: users of the site. 217 Moreover, as
Page 105 and 106: In the category of vernacular or us
Page 107 and 108: selection is in many cases thorough
Page 109 and 110: database is changing as well. As Ge
Page 111: image. That's it.‖ 241 The fact i
Page 115 and 116: inflame a reaction formation: the
Page 117 and 118: commemorative act, crucially (co-)d
Page 119 and 120: and use of technology, also as ‗g
Page 121 and 122: photographs and footage from often
Page 123 and 124: [We have scattered around the world
Page 125 and 126: The ending of the video sends a ver
Page 127 and 128: Milošević giving a speech is embe
Page 129 and 130: memory practices and nostalgic refe
Page 131 and 132: moje detinjstvo, sloboda, mir [my c
Page 133 and 134: 4) In Zemun [part of Belgrade]. How
Page 135 and 136: European that originated in Asia an
Page 137 and 138: Jugoslavijo A much more elaborate v
Page 139 and 140: Figure 27 | Photograph of a delegat
Page 141 and 142: And breaks into the refrain: moja r
Page 143 and 144: Damned be Josip Broz ―Tito‖ all
Page 145 and 146: HERZEGOVINA, THAT IS, IT IS THE ONL
Page 147 and 148: oppression. And the cover by Azra,
Page 149 and 150: Kroz čempres vjetar duva [Through
Page 151 and 152: Figure 30 | The closing scene. What
Page 153 and 154: This is a time when men were gentle
Page 155 and 156: The string of post‘n‘replies re
Page 157 and 158: Croats had the greatest fascists an
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the contrary, they are often overly
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Chapter 4 | The Past on Facebook: P
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to make of the interweaving of poli
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Facebook: Digital Sociability and M
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keeping in touch; or, in the case o
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author traces in both the ―import
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Nevertheless, many of these profile
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ways, these domains and the differe
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allegiance. But, at the same time w
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view they call for forming a front
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The comments here, as cursory as th
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egimes. 362 A recent post links to
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oil down to pros and cons of Yugosl
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Enver Dizdarevic Is the idea to cre
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ut how can you explain to the peopl
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intertwining of, on the one hand, t
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Zlatko Crnogorac unfortunately I se
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Party: Komunista Partija Jugoslavij
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The user Šime Zelić stands firmly
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lives came to power. we promulgate
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comments and 245 people ‗liked‘
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Ever since April 2010, the profile
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It remains to be seen what will bec
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while the country‘s ‗birthday
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Figure 36 | Nova Jugoslavija, websi
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dismissed as a-political. And even
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Chapter 5 | Conclusion: ... Archivi
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much) political agenda. Nevertheles
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(cultural reference). Today, in a t
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ather than digging for material tra
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altogether, but aim to suggest that
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social bonds among 22 million peopl
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Jugoslavija Facebook profile case d
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Povzetek Zdi se, da sta splošno ra
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Priĉujoĉo raziskavo sestavljajo t
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splošno prav v tem, da ga prebere
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odkrivajo, jo privedejo na površje
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avdiovizualnih izvedb preteklosti.
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Lahko bi se reklo, da je bila praks
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skozi avdiovizualne in besedilne ko
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»Zgodovina« uporabniške dejavnos
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katere bi se lahko gradila ta zaţe
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to malo verjetno. Kljub temu pa to
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Baker, Catherine. ―Where to Read
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―Constitution of CY (English).‖
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Hahn, Chris M. Postsocialism, Ideal
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Josip Broz Tito. ―Info.‖ http:/
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mejerchold. ―Tatu - Jugoslavija.
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Pogaĉar, Martin. ―Nostalgia in C
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Sobel, Jon. ―HOW: Technology, Tra
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―RAZNI IZVODJACI Hitovi Omera Pob
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