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Yugoslavia is gone, but the Yugoslavs stayed. We are scattered all over the world, without a homeland. This blog will be an ever-growing collection of items from Tito's Yugoslavia. The right-wing nationalists that split up Yugoslavia are rewriting history, trying even to erase the memory of our homeland. This blog will be a small step in preventing that, and also a window into a Yugoslavian life between 1945 and 1992. The blogger, a Yugoslav now apparently residing in New York, USA, 154 assembles audiovisual bits and pieces for his blog as an emigrant without a homeland. As opposed to emigration that most often has at least a shade of hope of returning home someday, the Yugoslav (blogger‘s nickname) and in fact all post-Yugoslavs are de facto ‗de-patriated,‘ left in their new countries to (share) their memories and memories of others (who decide to share them). The post-Yugoslavs— a category that can be applied to residents of SFRY who in 1991 either emigrated or became citizens of one of the new countries—are perhaps the first to have been put to the test and engage with the potential of digital technology and the preservation and distribution of memory in DME. 155 Scattered around the world, the internet served as an affordable, handy and indeed useful tool to re-establish, maintain or mend the bonds that were broken during the collapse of the country. And, as Yugoslav alludes, the newly founded states with their respective national founding myths in the making have been actively engaged in annihilating the memory of Yugoslavia. But, digital memory co-created online and distributed through DME (or any other memory for that matter) is not a monument that can be torn down or a street name to be changed. Rather, memory in DME and 4MOs ‗resides‘ in or rather is enacted, as argued in Chapter 1, through connectivity, i.e. through human-computer-human interaction, and in discrete algorithmic exchanges between machines. Therefore, to delete the record of it takes a different kind of approach, if there is one. 154 As can be deciphered from ―About Me,‖ see http://www.blogger.com/profile/14316229210367248105, accessed 8 August 2011. 155 The Somalis shared somewhat similar fate with the disintegration of Somalia, see: Abdisalam M. Issa-Salwe, ―The Internet and the Somali Diaspora: The Web as a New Means of Expression,‖ Bildhaan: An International Journal of Somali Studies, 2008, vol. 6, 54-67, http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/bildhaan/vol6/iss1/8, accessed 8 August 2011. The topic of diaspora and the internet has been covered extensively, see for instance Jannis Androutsopoulos, ―Multilingualism, diaspora, and the Internet: Codes and identities on German-based diaspora websites,‖ Journal of Sociolinguistics, Vol. 10, Issue 4, 520–547, September 2006; Ignacio, E. N., Building diaspora: Filipino cultural community formation on the Internet, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2005; Kanat, K., ―Ethnic media and politics: The case of the use of the Internet by Uyghur diaspora,‖ First Monday 10(7), http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/1259/1179, accessed 8 August 2011. 60
Figure 4 | Yugoslav Airlines Luggage Label, 1950‘s, available fromhttp://yugoslavian.blogspot.com/2011/08/1950syugoslav-airlines-luggage-label.html. Conceived as a window on the Yugoslav ephemera and quotidian, the Yugoslav Virtual Museum hosts/curates a number of very different items: photographs, music and video, organised in chronological posts. The first blog posts in 2009 contain photos of film posters of some of the popular Yugoslav films, photographs of several car number plates, accompanied with a note on the logic of assigning abbreviations; a lengthy post on the writer Milorad Pavić, and an entry on the Yugoslav People‘s Army (JLA). The ―Happy New Year with Lepa Brena‖ entry posted on the last day of 2009 says: ―During the entire decade of 1980's it could not be imagined to have a New Year's Eve TV program celebrations without TV stations boasting about the presence of Lepa Brena – a true Yugoslavian mega-star, often referred to as Brena Nacionale, as her millions of fans came from literally all parts of Yugoslavia.‖ 156 The post includes several photos, not scans, of the various magazines featuring Lepa Brena. 156 ―Happy New Year With Lepa Brena,‖ Yugoslavia – Virtual Museum, http://yugoslavian.blogspot.com/search?updated-min=2009-01-01T00%3A00%3A00-05%3A00&updated-max=2010- 01-01T00%3A00%3A00-05%3A00&max-results=50, accessed 8 August 2011. 61
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UNIVERSITY OF NOVA GORICA GRADUATE
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Some cases in vernacular digital me
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others in the remains of Yugoslavia
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Chapter 1 | Introduction: Cyberplac
Page 9 and 10: storytelling, memories and memorial
Page 11 and 12: conceptual framework supporting thi
Page 13 and 14: Media and Memory The most ubiquitou
Page 15 and 16: Archiving, Techno-topia and Pervasi
Page 17 and 18: as an archive, 29 the randomness of
Page 19 and 20: technologies (typewriters, calculat
Page 21 and 22: digital age. 41 Yet, considering th
Page 23 and 24: which she can, at the click of the
Page 25 and 26: However, in the case of Yugoslav di
Page 27 and 28: narrativisations, sampling, remixin
Page 29 and 30: cultural frameworks.‖ 67 Moreover
Page 31 and 32: from ‗pre-media‘ (before the in
Page 33 and 34: framework accounts for numerous eme
Page 35 and 36: outside the process of representati
Page 37 and 38: understanding of (the production an
Page 39 and 40: they are able through digital conne
Page 41 and 42: Setting Sail Reappropriations and r
Page 43 and 44: After the internet and digital comm
Page 45 and 46: that was made during the era of soc
Page 47 and 48: create and communicate, via digital
Page 49 and 50: time.‖ 127 Drawing on this concep
Page 51 and 52: the different musics‘ ―common f
Page 53 and 54: Blogging and Memory The practice of
Page 55 and 56: enhanced in blogging, it apparently
Page 57 and 58: and enthusiasts alike. Thus, for in
Page 59: videos are used as audiovisual reco
Page 63 and 64: the posts are fairly scant textuall
Page 65 and 66: Finally, if initially recording and
Page 67 and 68: spectacle for which that audience h
Page 69 and 70: usiness) and outdated principles of
Page 71 and 72: and replaying music require much le
Page 73 and 74: encourages the visitors to buy. 173
Page 75 and 76: also provides a genre distinction a
Page 77 and 78: initial way for the past to ‗surv
Page 79 and 80: Through referring (nostalgically) t
Page 81 and 82: posts he uses a first-person, very
Page 83 and 84: the past ... on the part of the vis
Page 85 and 86: uploaded, so do share with others.
Page 87 and 88: music. Such blog-enabled preservati
Page 89 and 90: This activity is in a way similar t
Page 91 and 92: I guess that in 1984 Luna and Katar
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Page 95 and 96: makes it into an organised database
Page 97 and 98: which required more ‗action‘ to
Page 99 and 100: files as digital media objects. As
Page 101 and 102: Chapter 3 | YouTube and Digital Mem
Page 103 and 104: users of the site. 217 Moreover, as
Page 105 and 106: In the category of vernacular or us
Page 107 and 108: selection is in many cases thorough
Page 109 and 110: database is changing as well. As Ge
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image. That's it.‖ 241 The fact i
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The site is no longer operable, yet
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inflame a reaction formation: the
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commemorative act, crucially (co-)d
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and use of technology, also as ‗g
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photographs and footage from often
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[We have scattered around the world
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The ending of the video sends a ver
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Milošević giving a speech is embe
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memory practices and nostalgic refe
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moje detinjstvo, sloboda, mir [my c
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4) In Zemun [part of Belgrade]. How
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European that originated in Asia an
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Jugoslavijo A much more elaborate v
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Figure 27 | Photograph of a delegat
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And breaks into the refrain: moja r
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Damned be Josip Broz ―Tito‖ all
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HERZEGOVINA, THAT IS, IT IS THE ONL
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oppression. And the cover by Azra,
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Kroz čempres vjetar duva [Through
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Figure 30 | The closing scene. What
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This is a time when men were gentle
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The string of post‘n‘replies re
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Croats had the greatest fascists an
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among the people [...] commie, do y
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(potential) action are being built.
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the contrary, they are often overly
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Chapter 4 | The Past on Facebook: P
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to make of the interweaving of poli
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Facebook: Digital Sociability and M
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keeping in touch; or, in the case o
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author traces in both the ―import
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Nevertheless, many of these profile
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ways, these domains and the differe
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allegiance. But, at the same time w
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view they call for forming a front
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The comments here, as cursory as th
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egimes. 362 A recent post links to
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oil down to pros and cons of Yugosl
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Enver Dizdarevic Is the idea to cre
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ut how can you explain to the peopl
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intertwining of, on the one hand, t
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Zlatko Crnogorac unfortunately I se
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Party: Komunista Partija Jugoslavij
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The user Šime Zelić stands firmly
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lives came to power. we promulgate
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comments and 245 people ‗liked‘
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Ever since April 2010, the profile
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It remains to be seen what will bec
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while the country‘s ‗birthday
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Figure 36 | Nova Jugoslavija, websi
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dismissed as a-political. And even
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Chapter 5 | Conclusion: ... Archivi
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much) political agenda. Nevertheles
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(cultural reference). Today, in a t
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ather than digging for material tra
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altogether, but aim to suggest that
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social bonds among 22 million peopl
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Jugoslavija Facebook profile case d
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Povzetek Zdi se, da sta splošno ra
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Priĉujoĉo raziskavo sestavljajo t
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splošno prav v tem, da ga prebere
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odkrivajo, jo privedejo na površje
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avdiovizualnih izvedb preteklosti.
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Lahko bi se reklo, da je bila praks
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skozi avdiovizualne in besedilne ko
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»Zgodovina« uporabniške dejavnos
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katere bi se lahko gradila ta zaţe
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to malo verjetno. Kljub temu pa to
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Baker, Catherine. ―Where to Read
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―Constitution of CY (English).‖
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Hahn, Chris M. Postsocialism, Ideal
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Josip Broz Tito. ―Info.‖ http:/
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mejerchold. ―Tatu - Jugoslavija.
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Pogaĉar, Martin. ―Nostalgia in C
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Sobel, Jon. ―HOW: Technology, Tra
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―RAZNI IZVODJACI Hitovi Omera Pob
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