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now then xboxeurope, I think you‘re writing nonsense here, against everything, but I think if you were really against it you‘d never set eyes on this site or even seriously watch it if you weren‘t missing something from old yuga... be real. the directing‘s been what‘s been but the times of tito were not all that bad, now when you see nationalism surfacing after his death many forget what it was like back then... Despoty 286 Such externalisations of rage and mental diagnostics seem to be the case in majority of the irreconcilable positions. The fact that these are not just one-off posts but actually strings of message exchanges, poses some questions to consider. Is this a joke, is it an expression of a severely troubled mind, or is he serious? I am afraid there is no easy answer to this, if there is one. In any case, once a visitor comes across a comment exchange like this she can dismiss it as utter nonsense or take it seriously. Again there‘s no way of knowing what one may make of such radical statements. However, the fact remains that such statements leave cybertraces and with that also the message... The other end of the spectrum brings more positive, dialogical, if frequently utopian or proactively nostalgic, discussions that tend to commonsensically allude to the nonsense of the wars and the present condition of division, invoking rather a prospect of a better future. If only we would get off our asses & do something. Make Yugoslavia thrive again. Protest & do what we can to create a new revolution. Undo the stupid mistakes the generation before us made. Why does this generation have to suffer?!... Why cant we have the GREAT life everyone else got to savior before 1991?... We had everything, imagine what we could have been NOW. I'm very sure there are so many people who want a great future, we would easily overrun the nationallists if we wanted to! Jasexxxxx *Continued in another comment* I'm a Bosnian, however in my heart I will always be a Yugoslavian. I will always remember the day when I could go outside & play with any child on the street without caring where they came from & what they think of me. Oh man. What did you do? WHAT DID YOU TURN US INTO? we had everything. We had a friendship ALL countries ENVIED & now, they laugh at us. WE HAVE NOTHING. WHAT IS WRONG WITH YOU?!! To every Serb, Croat, Maco, Slovene I WILL ALWAYS LOVE YOU - NO MATTER WHAT! Jasexxxxx Hello comrade..LETS GO AND MAKE A REVOLUTION..LONG LIVE REPUBLIC <strong>OF</strong> BOSNIA AND GERCEGOVINA..SOCIALIST INDEPENDENT BOSNIA AND 286 See comments at http://www.youtube.com/all_comments?v=M7SorJzdBtc&page=5, accessed 23 August 2011; note that XBOXEUROPE was banned from posting to any of dugmicMala‘s videos in 2008, soon after the above exchange. The posts, however, remain visible and constitute an aspect in co-creativeness of remembering and storytelling (if of a more desacrilatory type). 144
HERZEGOVINA, THAT IS, IT IS THE ONLY SOLUTION FOR OUR PEOPLE. DEATH TO FACISM FREEDOM TO THE PEOPLE REGARDS COMRADE Jugoslavija1945 I‘m a croat and must say brother serbs, slowenes, montenegrins, bosnians and macedonians let‘s offer a hand to one another cause we were and we‘ll remain in the war we died and didn‘t get that we were killing our own nation, yugoslav nation, and it was all done by tudjman, alija [Izetbegović] and milosevic and I think without them a new beautiful YUGOSLAVIA will be created. LOOOOOOOOOOONNNNGG LIIIIIIIIIIIVVEEEEEEEEEE CRO694 there‘ll be yuga, that‘s something natural long live yugoslavia ustaskicetnik 287 The proactive nostalgia discernible in the comments above adopts a strategy, which in the absence of commonly imagined alternatives on social and political levels, seems to be one of the strategies to counter the situation of ‗disimagined commonality,‘ perhaps an ill-fated one. The question is whether in a society, which ―celebrates choice but in which the only available alternative to enforced democratic consensus is a blind acting out, 288 such peaceful social practice has any sociopolitical leverage at all. Seemingly residing in the concept of restorative nostalgia 289 —but with an important distinction: the past here is not intended to return ‗as it once was‘ (political system etc.); rather, through referring to the past that ‗should have been,‘—a future is envisaged that still corresponds to the ideal of the (Yugoslav) future that ‗never was.‘ However, the question remains how (if at all) online initiatives can be successfully translated offline, particularly regarding the fact that to a large extent the commentators are scattered (at least) across Europe. Considering the comments as radically opposed as those above, on the formal level a distinction (in very broad sense of the term) can be drawn with regard to the motive of comments. It is based on the distinction already proposed by Walter Benjamin, who differentiated between stage and film actors; a distinction that has its implications also for the DME. 290 If stage actor performs for the audience in the theatre, the film actor performs for the cinematic apparatus. 291 The former can be transposed to the characteristics of oral and technologically mediated communication, where the interlocutor in a face-to-face communication act is performing for an audience here-and-now; 287 All the comments in the above quote from dugmicMala, ―Jugoslavija,‖ comments, http://www.youtube.com/all_comments?v=M7SorJzdBtc&page=4, accessed 11 September 2011. 288 Slavoj Ţiţek, ―Zero-degree Protests,‖ London Review of Books, 33(17) 8 September 2011, 28–29 28. 289 See Svetlana Boym, The future of nostalgia. 290 Walter Benjamin, ―The Work of Art in the Age of its Technological Reproducibility: Second Version,‖ in The Work of Art in the Age of its Technological Reproducibility and Other Writings on Media, edited by Micheal W. Jennings, Brigid Doherty and Thomas Y. Levin, Cambridge, MA, London, The Belknap Press of the Harvard University Press, 2008, 31–32. 291 Cf. Richard Grusin, ―Are recent protests test performances for social media?,‖ http://premediation.blogspot.com/2011/02/are-recent-protests-test-performances.html, accessed 23 August 2011. 145
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UNIVERSITY OF NOVA GORICA GRADUATE
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Some cases in vernacular digital me
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others in the remains of Yugoslavia
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Chapter 1 | Introduction: Cyberplac
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storytelling, memories and memorial
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conceptual framework supporting thi
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Media and Memory The most ubiquitou
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Archiving, Techno-topia and Pervasi
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as an archive, 29 the randomness of
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technologies (typewriters, calculat
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digital age. 41 Yet, considering th
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which she can, at the click of the
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However, in the case of Yugoslav di
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narrativisations, sampling, remixin
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cultural frameworks.‖ 67 Moreover
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from ‗pre-media‘ (before the in
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framework accounts for numerous eme
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outside the process of representati
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understanding of (the production an
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they are able through digital conne
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Setting Sail Reappropriations and r
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After the internet and digital comm
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that was made during the era of soc
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create and communicate, via digital
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time.‖ 127 Drawing on this concep
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the different musics‘ ―common f
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Blogging and Memory The practice of
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enhanced in blogging, it apparently
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and enthusiasts alike. Thus, for in
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videos are used as audiovisual reco
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Figure 4 | Yugoslav Airlines Luggag
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the posts are fairly scant textuall
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Finally, if initially recording and
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spectacle for which that audience h
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usiness) and outdated principles of
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and replaying music require much le
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encourages the visitors to buy. 173
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also provides a genre distinction a
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initial way for the past to ‗surv
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Through referring (nostalgically) t
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posts he uses a first-person, very
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the past ... on the part of the vis
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uploaded, so do share with others.
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music. Such blog-enabled preservati
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This activity is in a way similar t
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I guess that in 1984 Luna and Katar
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Page 95 and 96: makes it into an organised database
Page 97 and 98: which required more ‗action‘ to
Page 99 and 100: files as digital media objects. As
Page 101 and 102: Chapter 3 | YouTube and Digital Mem
Page 103 and 104: users of the site. 217 Moreover, as
Page 105 and 106: In the category of vernacular or us
Page 107 and 108: selection is in many cases thorough
Page 109 and 110: database is changing as well. As Ge
Page 111 and 112: image. That's it.‖ 241 The fact i
Page 113 and 114: The site is no longer operable, yet
Page 115 and 116: inflame a reaction formation: the
Page 117 and 118: commemorative act, crucially (co-)d
Page 119 and 120: and use of technology, also as ‗g
Page 121 and 122: photographs and footage from often
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Page 125 and 126: The ending of the video sends a ver
Page 127 and 128: Milošević giving a speech is embe
Page 129 and 130: memory practices and nostalgic refe
Page 131 and 132: moje detinjstvo, sloboda, mir [my c
Page 133 and 134: 4) In Zemun [part of Belgrade]. How
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Page 137 and 138: Jugoslavijo A much more elaborate v
Page 139 and 140: Figure 27 | Photograph of a delegat
Page 141 and 142: And breaks into the refrain: moja r
Page 143: Damned be Josip Broz ―Tito‖ all
Page 147 and 148: oppression. And the cover by Azra,
Page 149 and 150: Kroz čempres vjetar duva [Through
Page 151 and 152: Figure 30 | The closing scene. What
Page 153 and 154: This is a time when men were gentle
Page 155 and 156: The string of post‘n‘replies re
Page 157 and 158: Croats had the greatest fascists an
Page 159 and 160: among the people [...] commie, do y
Page 161 and 162: (potential) action are being built.
Page 163 and 164: the contrary, they are often overly
Page 165 and 166: Chapter 4 | The Past on Facebook: P
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Page 169 and 170: Facebook: Digital Sociability and M
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Page 175 and 176: Nevertheless, many of these profile
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Page 183 and 184: The comments here, as cursory as th
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Page 187 and 188: oil down to pros and cons of Yugosl
Page 189 and 190: Enver Dizdarevic Is the idea to cre
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Zlatko Crnogorac unfortunately I se
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Party: Komunista Partija Jugoslavij
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The user Šime Zelić stands firmly
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lives came to power. we promulgate
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comments and 245 people ‗liked‘
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Ever since April 2010, the profile
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It remains to be seen what will bec
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while the country‘s ‗birthday
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Figure 36 | Nova Jugoslavija, websi
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dismissed as a-political. And even
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Chapter 5 | Conclusion: ... Archivi
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much) political agenda. Nevertheles
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(cultural reference). Today, in a t
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ather than digging for material tra
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altogether, but aim to suggest that
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social bonds among 22 million peopl
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Jugoslavija Facebook profile case d
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Povzetek Zdi se, da sta splošno ra
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Priĉujoĉo raziskavo sestavljajo t
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splošno prav v tem, da ga prebere
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odkrivajo, jo privedejo na površje
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avdiovizualnih izvedb preteklosti.
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Lahko bi se reklo, da je bila praks
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skozi avdiovizualne in besedilne ko
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»Zgodovina« uporabniške dejavnos
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katere bi se lahko gradila ta zaţe
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to malo verjetno. Kljub temu pa to
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Baker, Catherine. ―Where to Read
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―Constitution of CY (English).‖
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Hahn, Chris M. Postsocialism, Ideal
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Josip Broz Tito. ―Info.‖ http:/
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mejerchold. ―Tatu - Jugoslavija.
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Pogaĉar, Martin. ―Nostalgia in C
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Sobel, Jon. ―HOW: Technology, Tra
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―RAZNI IZVODJACI Hitovi Omera Pob
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