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videos posts are not necessarily overtly political and posses little distinct political agenda. Still, as externalisations of affect and memory they are far from insignificant in political terms. That the comments are public expressions further adds to ‗transcribing‘ their very existence in political terms. If we look at the Olga Rück‘s statement above, at the first glance it appears an ‗innocent‘ one. Yet it undeniably bears an expression of emotions that can, once made public, easily ignite fierce reactions. Either in terms of positive or negative reactions, such a statement—uttered in a fundamentally intimate manner—is an expression of adoration of a country, its past and also the respect for the country (―once we would stand up when hearing the anthem‖). In post-Yugoslav (nationalistic) environments where Yugoslav past is often discarded as foul full-on, such statements may attain a political dimension. Considering the fact that the statement was made in 2011—in the time of grave political and economic crisis and instability, regional and global— it attains an even more ‗radical‘ tone. With this I do not wish to imply that every expression of intimacy is necessarily politically motivated, rather that once emitted into a DME it becomes stripped of much ‗real‘ person‘s data/information. Instead it becomes a ‗populant‘ of DME and as such also part of the post-Yugoslav mediality of the country‘s past and variegated presents and possible futures. Another story is the second group of posts, employing a strategy of linking to newspaper articles which deal with the present day situation in post-Yugoslav states, mostly focusing on Croatia, Serbia and Bosnia but also Slovenia, Montenegro and Macedonia, and the rest of the world. This practice attracts considerable attention and features even more clearly as a practice of representation of Yugoslav—predominantly political—past in decidedly contemporary environments and contexts. I.e. in linking to and commenting various newspaper sources the users/participants in the co-creation inadvertently try to present a certain problematic through a distinctly ‗Yugoslav‘ perspective. Or rather, through what the Yugoslav perspective is believed to be 20 years after the country‘s demise. This endows the memorial with an overtly political dimension making it in turn a site of active use of memory for contextualising/making sense of the post-socialist realities. In dealing with these issues, the ‗enhanced immediacy of remembering‘ enables the interweaving of the present with the ideals of the past. And this is quite far from ‗mere‘ nostalgia usually attributed to any positive evaluations of the Yugoslav past. On the contrary, it is a most rudimentary quest for normalcy, a quest to acknowledge the past (and continuity, which is essential for any present) that the generations born in Yugoslavia are systematically denied by the democratic, anti-communist 184
egimes. 362 A recent post links to ―Nacionalizam velika pretnja za EU‖ at e-novine.com, and status update says: SFR Jugoslavija – SFR Yugoslavia NATIONALISM IS NOT JUST A BALKANS PROBLEM ..........EVEN EUROPE BEGINS TO ADMIT IT.........BUT STILL THEY FORGET.......THAT FASCISM FOLLWS CLOSELY......AND ANGELA MERKEL HAS ALREADY DECLARED THE END <strong>OF</strong> MULTICULTURALISM IN GERMANY.......THE BRICKS <strong>OF</strong> THE TORN BERLIN WAL WERE USED TO RAISE THE WALS IN THE BALKANS....... e-novine.com - Van Rompuj: Nacionalizam velika pretnja za EU www.e-novine.com Van Rompuj: Nacionalizam velika pretnja za EU 363 The comments to this post stretch from ―Death to fascism, freedom to the people‖ to more elaborate comments: ―well people just don‘t understand one thing while I watch satellite programme on ASTRA all in German –even today they depict hitler as their hero and what did you think they can so easily forget two defeats in the Balkans you‘re wrong if you think they can this now is their revenge to our nations for the defeats...‖ eliciting replies such as: ―This was proved in the balkans. Hitler as hero? Only the dumb germans can do that who don‘t yet understand who dragged them into the shit and problems. Many today see Milosevic, Karadzic, Seselj, Arkan not to go on, as heroes of Yogo-war, not remotely considering how these people brought sanctions, NATO bombing and human misery beyond description...‖ 364 The comments in this post tend to be very emotional (if not irrational), but still informative enough to flesh out one of the recurring topics in many online dealings with Yugoslav past: antifascism. This topic is particularly emphasised in relation to contemporary developments in political fields all over Europe, where re-nationalisation is taking most unpleasant political and violent turns. Opposition to this is in post-Yugoslav digital spaces often conceived as a continuation of the WWII anti-fascist struggle, the difference being that today the ‗Nazi/Fascists‘ are on the one hand ‗national‘ right-wing extremists subdued to the Blut und Boden rhetoric, and the neo-liberal capitalism. Both are seen as a threat to and in fact the cause of deterioration of ‗eternal values‘ supposedly thriving in the period of socialism. And consequently the social action in this perimeter positions itself as a defender and promoter of multiculturality, tolerance, social solidarity etc, and heavily rests on the imagery and sounds from the period of socialist Yugoslavia. 365 362 See for instance e-novine.com: ―RoĊenima u SFRJ zabranjeno sjećanje,‖ http://www.e-novine.com/drustvo/41789- Roenima-zabranjeno-sjeanje.html, accessed 18 June 2011; on the quest for normalcy see Chapter 5. 363 SFR Jugoslavija – SFR Yugoslavia, 10 November 2010. 364 Ibid. 365 See Chapter 3 for a discussion on anti-fascism in digital memorials. 185
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UNIVERSITY OF NOVA GORICA GRADUATE
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Some cases in vernacular digital me
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others in the remains of Yugoslavia
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Chapter 1 | Introduction: Cyberplac
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storytelling, memories and memorial
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conceptual framework supporting thi
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Media and Memory The most ubiquitou
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Archiving, Techno-topia and Pervasi
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as an archive, 29 the randomness of
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technologies (typewriters, calculat
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digital age. 41 Yet, considering th
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which she can, at the click of the
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However, in the case of Yugoslav di
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narrativisations, sampling, remixin
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cultural frameworks.‖ 67 Moreover
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from ‗pre-media‘ (before the in
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framework accounts for numerous eme
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outside the process of representati
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understanding of (the production an
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they are able through digital conne
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Setting Sail Reappropriations and r
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After the internet and digital comm
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that was made during the era of soc
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create and communicate, via digital
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time.‖ 127 Drawing on this concep
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the different musics‘ ―common f
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Blogging and Memory The practice of
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enhanced in blogging, it apparently
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and enthusiasts alike. Thus, for in
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videos are used as audiovisual reco
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Figure 4 | Yugoslav Airlines Luggag
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the posts are fairly scant textuall
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Finally, if initially recording and
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spectacle for which that audience h
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usiness) and outdated principles of
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and replaying music require much le
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encourages the visitors to buy. 173
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also provides a genre distinction a
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initial way for the past to ‗surv
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Through referring (nostalgically) t
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posts he uses a first-person, very
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the past ... on the part of the vis
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uploaded, so do share with others.
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music. Such blog-enabled preservati
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This activity is in a way similar t
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I guess that in 1984 Luna and Katar
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TCHECHOSLOVAKIA, HUNGARY, ROMANIA,
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makes it into an organised database
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which required more ‗action‘ to
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files as digital media objects. As
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Chapter 3 | YouTube and Digital Mem
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users of the site. 217 Moreover, as
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In the category of vernacular or us
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selection is in many cases thorough
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database is changing as well. As Ge
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image. That's it.‖ 241 The fact i
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The site is no longer operable, yet
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inflame a reaction formation: the
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commemorative act, crucially (co-)d
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and use of technology, also as ‗g
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photographs and footage from often
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[We have scattered around the world
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The ending of the video sends a ver
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Milošević giving a speech is embe
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memory practices and nostalgic refe
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moje detinjstvo, sloboda, mir [my c
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Page 137 and 138: Jugoslavijo A much more elaborate v
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Page 143 and 144: Damned be Josip Broz ―Tito‖ all
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Page 147 and 148: oppression. And the cover by Azra,
Page 149 and 150: Kroz čempres vjetar duva [Through
Page 151 and 152: Figure 30 | The closing scene. What
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Page 189 and 190: Enver Dizdarevic Is the idea to cre
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odkrivajo, jo privedejo na površje
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avdiovizualnih izvedb preteklosti.
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Lahko bi se reklo, da je bila praks
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skozi avdiovizualne in besedilne ko
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»Zgodovina« uporabniške dejavnos
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katere bi se lahko gradila ta zaţe
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to malo verjetno. Kljub temu pa to
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Baker, Catherine. ―Where to Read
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―Constitution of CY (English).‖
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Hahn, Chris M. Postsocialism, Ideal
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Josip Broz Tito. ―Info.‖ http:/
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mejerchold. ―Tatu - Jugoslavija.
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Pogaĉar, Martin. ―Nostalgia in C
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Sobel, Jon. ―HOW: Technology, Tra
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―RAZNI IZVODJACI Hitovi Omera Pob
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