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expressing emotional externalisations both in creating a memorial as well as in commemorating, i.e. viewing, commenting, interacting with it. This is quite inconceivable in offline memorials, apart from participating at highly orchestrated commemorations, or graffitiing a memorial during the night. Hence, it can be argued that the immediacy of remembering is also facilitating a more active/intimate engagement (if not necessarily ‗civilised‘ or absolutely decent) of the ‗rememberer‘ with the past, present and future. I am aware this may be somewhat speculative, precisely in view of the fact that thought in DME is fragmented ―into ever smaller bits, bits that can be distributed and sampled, even ingested and enjoyed, but that in the glut of multiple circulating contributions tend to resist recombination into longer, more demanding theories.‖ 304 Or into an argumentative debate which might surpass the fleetingness of fractured, often decontextualised thoughts. There is a telling example at the Xpartizani0zauvijekX‘s channel comments section of very inconsiderate and offensive commenting: CROEAGLE1941 My granddad died in black legion 1962 and I‘m the next generation to fight the reds!for now on you tube and then, if it‘s needed, for real as well! CROEAGLE1941 are you a woman?WHEN DID YOU LIVE?! HOW ARE YOU NOT ASHAMED TO GLORIFY PARTISANS AFTER WHAT THEY HAVE DONE IN BLEIBURG?=U= 305 CROEAGLE1941 what end of Zagreb are you from so I can come and slaughter you when you‘re sleeping? =U=jasenovac is waiting for you! 306 SOTUzakon bingo!!! you just won a ticket to bleiburgXD Hehe...well done comrade...the little one can finally join his pals ustasha.hehe One more thing, tiny, a useful story for you...you know my granddad had a brother ustaša(there were 6 partisans and one ustaša)...and when he was killed at bleiburg his brothers thought, although they were sorry for them: well he deserved it better a dead brother than an ustaša....you see you‘re favourite...it seems I caught some of that thinking blame it on me but that‘s the way it is...as far as I‘m concerned it‘s a shame that the partisans didn‘t finish them all off.hehe Respect!!! CROEAGLE1941 you red faggots snugging ĉetniks, motherfuckers!sieg heil=U=ready for home[land] 307 304 Jodi Dean, Blog Theory, Feedback and Capture in the Circut of Drive, Cambridge, Malden, Polity Press, 2010, 2. 305 Ustaša sign. 306 Jasenovac was a NDH (Independent State of Croatia) run concentration camp during the WWII. 307 Needless to say, CROEAGLE1941‘s user name has been terminated (but the comments remain on other channels and under videos!) due to repeated or severe violation of community guidelines, although SOTUzakon‘s comments are not far behind. 154
The string of post‘n‘replies reveals a heated hate-speech series of posts by CROEAGLE1941 on the channel‘s comments section. Apart from the sporadic jokey and just as offensive replies by some other users, the comments failed to initiate any kind of debate. What is indicative in the CROAGLE1941‘s outburst is the distinction he instils between online and offline action: ―I‘m the next generation to fight the reds!for now on you tube and then, if it‘s needed, for real as well!‖ 308 Having no boundaries expressing hatred and threats online, he nevertheless ‗reserves‘ the ‗real action‘ for the time when needed. The question, however, is at what point does online hatred translate into ‗real‘ action. Is the internet just a stage for performing identity without any ‗connection‘ to the person ‗behind‘? Be that as it may, the fact that such content, i.e. virtual memorial desecration, is present/read/consumed by visitors gives plenty of substance to thinking beyond the screen of anonymity and to question the effects such actions have offline. As this is not the subject of this study, suffice it to say that calls for offline action are frequently present in Yugoslav digital memorials. Particularly those calling for re-unification of South Slavs base their arguments on positive re-interpretation of Yugoslav past: brotherhood, unity, solidarity. Unfortunately it did not know how to sing, dear freedom ... Our regret and remembering remains, of their grandchildren. Their children had betrayed by letting all this happen ... It‘s up to us to spread humanity, cosmopolitanism, brotherhood around us, to emit it into space and let other people know – this is humanism, this is the left. And we can also raise our children not to hate the ‗other‘ and to tell them that once upon a time there lived some great and courageous people, that today the they [the children] are being lied to by people in power who lie about them [the great and courageous people] who were their ancestors. IvoLola1 309 This last comment clearly links the present day disillusionment with hopes invested into the postsocialist future, which in many digital memorials dedicated to the former Yugoslavia is seen in light of disillusionment over the democratisation/transition project, failing to offer progressive/proactive solutions to often existential problems. Thus, the options that remain are easily formulated in promoting the returning to or reintroducing the ideals and values that once were prominent; and indeed only made possible by the anti-fascist resistance. Now, as much praise for the socialist past as one can find in digital memorials such as this, there is also a great number of radically opposing views and interpretations. 308 See XPartizani0ZauvijekX‘s channel at http://www.youtube.com/user/xPartizani0zauvijekX. 309 See comments at ―Azra-Partizan.‖ 155
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UNIVERSITY OF NOVA GORICA GRADUATE
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Some cases in vernacular digital me
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others in the remains of Yugoslavia
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Chapter 1 | Introduction: Cyberplac
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storytelling, memories and memorial
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conceptual framework supporting thi
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Media and Memory The most ubiquitou
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Archiving, Techno-topia and Pervasi
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as an archive, 29 the randomness of
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technologies (typewriters, calculat
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digital age. 41 Yet, considering th
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which she can, at the click of the
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However, in the case of Yugoslav di
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narrativisations, sampling, remixin
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cultural frameworks.‖ 67 Moreover
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from ‗pre-media‘ (before the in
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framework accounts for numerous eme
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outside the process of representati
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understanding of (the production an
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they are able through digital conne
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Setting Sail Reappropriations and r
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After the internet and digital comm
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that was made during the era of soc
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create and communicate, via digital
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time.‖ 127 Drawing on this concep
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the different musics‘ ―common f
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Blogging and Memory The practice of
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enhanced in blogging, it apparently
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and enthusiasts alike. Thus, for in
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videos are used as audiovisual reco
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Figure 4 | Yugoslav Airlines Luggag
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the posts are fairly scant textuall
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Finally, if initially recording and
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spectacle for which that audience h
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usiness) and outdated principles of
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and replaying music require much le
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encourages the visitors to buy. 173
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also provides a genre distinction a
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initial way for the past to ‗surv
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Through referring (nostalgically) t
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posts he uses a first-person, very
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the past ... on the part of the vis
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uploaded, so do share with others.
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music. Such blog-enabled preservati
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This activity is in a way similar t
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I guess that in 1984 Luna and Katar
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TCHECHOSLOVAKIA, HUNGARY, ROMANIA,
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makes it into an organised database
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which required more ‗action‘ to
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files as digital media objects. As
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Chapter 3 | YouTube and Digital Mem
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Ever since April 2010, the profile
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It remains to be seen what will bec
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while the country‘s ‗birthday
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Figure 36 | Nova Jugoslavija, websi
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dismissed as a-political. And even
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Chapter 5 | Conclusion: ... Archivi
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much) political agenda. Nevertheles
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(cultural reference). Today, in a t
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ather than digging for material tra
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altogether, but aim to suggest that
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social bonds among 22 million peopl
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Jugoslavija Facebook profile case d
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Povzetek Zdi se, da sta splošno ra
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Priĉujoĉo raziskavo sestavljajo t
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splošno prav v tem, da ga prebere
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odkrivajo, jo privedejo na površje
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avdiovizualnih izvedb preteklosti.
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Lahko bi se reklo, da je bila praks
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skozi avdiovizualne in besedilne ko
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»Zgodovina« uporabniške dejavnos
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katere bi se lahko gradila ta zaţe
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to malo verjetno. Kljub temu pa to
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Baker, Catherine. ―Where to Read
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―Constitution of CY (English).‖
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Hahn, Chris M. Postsocialism, Ideal
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Josip Broz Tito. ―Info.‖ http:/
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mejerchold. ―Tatu - Jugoslavija.
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Pogaĉar, Martin. ―Nostalgia in C
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Sobel, Jon. ―HOW: Technology, Tra
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―RAZNI IZVODJACI Hitovi Omera Pob
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