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Reader’s Guide The Reader’s Guide is provided to assist readers in locating articles on related topics. It classifies articles into three general categories: Biographical, Policy, and Topical. Biographical Acton, Lord Adams, John Aquinas, Thomas Aristotle Bastiat, Frédéric Bauer, Peter Becker, Gary S. Bentham, Jeremy Böhm-Bawerk, Eugen von Branden, Nathaniel Bright, John Brown, John Buchanan, James M. Buckle, Henry Thomas Burke, Edmund Burlamaqui, Jean-Jacques Cantillon, Richard Childs, Roy A. Chodorov, Frank Cicero Clark, Ed Coase, Ronald H. Cobden, Richard Coke, Edward Comte, Charles Condorcet, Marquis de Constant, Benjamin Dicey, Albert Venn Diderot, Denis Douglas, Frederick Dunoyer, Charles Emerson, Ralph Waldo Epstein, Richard A. Ferguson, Adam Fisher, Antony Foucault, Michel Friedman, David Friedman, Milton Garrison, William Lloyd Gladstone, William Ewart Godwin, William Goldwater, Barry Harper, Floyd Arthur “Baldy” Hayek, Friedrich A. Hazlitt, Henry Heinlein, Robert Herbert, Auberon Hess, Karl Hobbes, Thomas Hodgskin, Thomas Hospers, John Humboldt, Wilhelm von Hume, David Hutcheson, Francis Jacobs, Jane Jefferson, Thomas Jouvenel, Bertrand de Kant, Immanuel Kirzner, Israel M. Knight, Frank H. La Boétie, Étienne de Lane, Rose Wilder Lao Tzu Las Casas, Bartolomé de LeFevre, Robert Leggett, William xi
xii The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism Locke, John Macaulay, Thomas Babington MacBride, Roger Lea Madison, James Maine, Henry Sumner Mandeville, Bernard Mason, George Mencken, H. L. Menger, Carl Meyer, Frank S. Mill, John Stuart Milton, John Mises, Ludwig von Molinari, Gustave de Montaigne, Michel de Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat de Murray, Charles Nathan, Tonie Nietzsche, Friedrich Nock, Albert Jay Nozick, Robert Oppenheimer, Franz Ortega y Gasset, José Orwell, George Ostrom, Vincent and Elinor Paine, Thomas Paterson, Isabel Paul, Ron Popper, Karl Posner, Richard A. Pound, Roscoe Price, Richard Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph Rand, Ayn Rawls, John Read, Leonard E. Ricardo, David Röpke, Wilhelm Rothbard, Murray Rousseau, Jean-Jacques Say, Jean-Baptiste Schumpeter, Joseph Senior, Nassau William Shaftesbury, Third Earl of Sidney, Algernon Simon, Julian Smith, Adam Sowell, Thomas Spencer, Herbert Spooner, Lysander Stigler, George J. Stirner, Max Sumner, William Graham Szasz, Thomas Taft, Robert A. Thoreau, Henry David Tocqueville, Alexis de Tracy, Destutt de Tucker, Benjamin R. Tullock, Gordon Turgot, Anne-Robert-Jacques Voltaire Washington, George Wicksell, Knut Wilberforce, William Wollstonecraft, Mary Policy Abortion Affirmative Action Antitrust Arts and Public Support Bioethics Black Markets Campaign Finance Capital Punishment Censorship Conscription Corruption Development, Economic Drug Prohibition Education Eminent Domain/Takings Environment Euthanasia Family Feminism and Women’s Rights Foreign Policy Freedom of Speech Freedom of Thought Free Trade Gambling Genetics Globalization Health Care Illicit Drugs Immigration Intellectual Property Internet
Page 2 and 3: The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism
Page 4 and 5: The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism
Page 6: Contents List of Entries Reader’s
Page 9 and 10: viii The Encyclopedia of Libertaria
Page 11: x The Encyclopedia of Libertarianis
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Page 17 and 18: Contributors AC Andrew Coulson Cato
Page 19 and 20: xviii The Encyclopedia of Libertari
Page 22 and 23: Editor’s Introduction In preparin
Page 24: Editor’s Introduction xxiii I alo
Page 27 and 28: xxvi The Encyclopedia of Libertaria
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Page 33 and 34: xxxii The Encyclopedia of Libertari
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Page 37 and 38: xxxvi The Encyclopedia of Libertari
Page 40 and 41: A ABOLITIONISM Abolitionism is the
Page 42 and 43: Abortion 3 The rise of the American
Page 44 and 45: Adams, John (1735-1826) 5 required
Page 46 and 47: Affirmative Action 7 designed to ac
Page 48 and 49: American Revolution 9 throughout th
Page 50 and 51: Anarchism 11 defense. The easiest w
Page 52 and 53: Anarcho-Capitalism 13 Molinari, Gus
Page 54 and 55: Antitrust 15 who believed deeply in
Page 56 and 57: Antitrust 17 Nor are firms protecte
Page 58 and 59: Arts and Public Support 19 as ratio
Page 60 and 61: Assurance and Trust 21 Kammen, Mich
Page 62 and 63:
B BANKING, AUSTRIAN THEORY OF The f
Page 64 and 65:
Bastiat, Frédéric (1801-1850) 25
Page 66 and 67:
Bauer, Peter (1915-2002) 27 his boo
Page 68 and 69:
Becker, Gary S. (1930- ) 29 of Chic
Page 70 and 71:
Bentham, Jeremy (1748-1832) 31 maxi
Page 72 and 73:
Bioethics 33 (1833) that the Bill o
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Bioethics 35 sufficient guide for l
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Branden, Nathaniel (1930- ) 37 the
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Brown, John (1800-1859) 39 also led
Page 80 and 81:
Buckle, Henry Thomas (1821-1862) 41
Page 82 and 83:
Burke, Edmund (1729-1797) 43 bureau
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C CAMPAIGN FINANCE Prior to the lat
Page 86 and 87:
Cantillon, Richard (c. 1680-1734) 4
Page 88 and 89:
Capitalism 49 the argument in equal
Page 90 and 91:
Capital Punishment 51 increase in p
Page 92 and 93:
Capital Punishment 53 Proponents te
Page 94 and 95:
Cato’s Letters 55 Independent Whi
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Charity/Friendly Societies 57 speec
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Children 59 Green, David G. Working
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Childs, Roy A. (1949-1992) 61 philo
Page 102 and 103:
Cities 63 be accomplished only by a
Page 104 and 105:
Cities 65 diversity and independenc
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Civil Society 67 Sassen, Saskia. Ci
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Civil War, U.S. 69 Others reject hi
Page 110 and 111:
Classical Economics 71 attorney in
Page 112 and 113:
Coase, Ronald H. (1910- ) 73 connec
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Coercion 75 As a consequence of thi
Page 116 and 117:
Coke, Edward (1552-1634) 77 England
Page 118 and 119:
Common Law 79 view the key explanat
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Communism 81 level of generality. D
Page 122 and 123:
Communism 83 Recent research by Ric
Page 124 and 125:
Competition 85 efforts between sell
Page 126 and 127:
Condorcet, Marquis de (1743-1794) 8
Page 128 and 129:
Conscription 89 A significant devel
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Consequentialism 91 America’s war
Page 132 and 133:
Conservatism 93 private interest,
Page 134 and 135:
Conservative Critique of Libertaria
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Constant, Benjamin (1767-1830) 97 t
Page 138 and 139:
Constitution, U.S. 99 The impetus f
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Constitutionalism 101 constitute a
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Contractarianism/Social Contract 10
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Corruption 105 Hobbes, Thomas. Levi
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Cosmopolitanism 107 Voters are hard
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Culture 109 Hayek, F. A. Law, Legis
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D DECENTRALISM “Small is beautifu
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Declaration of Independence 113 com
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Declaration of the Rights of Man an
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Delegation 117 The Declaration conc
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Democracy 119 Minorities also pose
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Development, Economic 121 economics
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Dicey, Albert Venn (1835-1922) 123
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Division of Labor 125 Diderot’s w
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Douglass, Frederick (1818-1895) 127
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Dunoyer, Charles (1786-1862) 129 im
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Dutch Republic 131 forbidden litera
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134 Economics, Austrian School of w
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136 Economics, Chicago School of an
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138 Economics, Keynesian the second
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140 Education revenue. Keynesian ta
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142 Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1803-1882
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144 English Civil Wars force the tr
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146 Enlightenment whereby Presbyter
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148 Entrepreneurship Science, when
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150 Environment contracting with ou
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152 Environment Although the common
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154 Equality Epstein’s work on em
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156 Euthanasia Vonnegut, Kurt. “H
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158 Evolutionary Psychology a patie
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160 Evolutionary Psychology have di
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162 Externalities of self-creation
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F FAMILY The social institution of
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Fascism 167 The problem with this t
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Federalism 169 of liberty and repub
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Federalists Versus Anti-Federalists
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Feminism and Women’s Rights 173 i
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Feminism and Women’s Rights 175 S
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Foreign Policy 177 social instituti
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Foreign Policy 179 government, and
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Freedom 181 Further Readings Burche
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Freedom of Speech 183 16th century,
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Freedom of Thought 185 observation
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Free-Market Economy 187 This concer
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Free Trade 189 occur daily in marke
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French Revolution 191 average tarif
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French Revolution 193 Revolution th
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Friedman, Milton (1912-2006) 195 an
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Fusionism 197 or greatly qualified
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Fusionism 199 Kirk, Russell. The Es
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202 Gambling displacing—even cann
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204 Genetics The crusading editor,
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206 Gladstone, William Ewart (1809-
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208 Glorious Revolution Today, abou
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210 Glorious Revolution Walters; an
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212 Government should have been sur
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214 Great Depression GREAT DEPRESSI
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216 Great Depression abandoned the
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218 Hayek, Friedrich A. (1899-1992)
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220 Hazlitt, Henry (1894-1973) See
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222 Health Care diseases and punish
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224 Herbert, Auberon (1838-1906) co
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226 Hobbes, Thomas (1588-1676) Afte
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228 Hospers, John (1918- ) historia
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230 Hume, David (1711-1776) Prussia
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232 Hutcheson, Francis (1694-1746)
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234 Illicit Drugs contains a sectio
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236 Immigration national-origins qu
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238 Imperialism the people who live
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240 Individualism, Methodological a
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242 Individualism, Political and Et
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244 Individual Rights of goods and
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246 Individual Rights General right
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248 Industrial Revolution The class
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250 Internet is a universal, existi
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252 Internet information that is av
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254 Interventionism intervention ma
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256 Islam a coherent system at all)
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258 Italian Fiscal Theorists verses
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260 Italian Fiscal Theorists Furthe
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262 Jefferson, Thomas (1743-1826) F
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264 Jouvenel, Bertrand de (1903-198
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266 Judiciary have argued that the
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K KANT, IMMANUEL (1724-1804) Immanu
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Kirzner, Israel M. (1930- ) 271 tha
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Kleptocracy 273 and turn to differe
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Knight, Frank H. (1885-1972) 275 Fu
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278 Labor Unions LABOR UNIONS The l
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280 Laissez-Faire Policy commonly a
Page 321 and 322:
282 Lao Tzu (c. 600 B.C.) she was a
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284 Law and Economics Spaniards liv
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286 Law Merchant See also Coase, Ro
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288 Left Libertarianism From 1965 t
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290 Levellers intervention was a me
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292 Liability as unjust and slander
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294 Liberal Critique of Libertarian
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296 Liberalism, Classical condition
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298 Liberalism, German The growth o
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300 Liberty in the Ancient World It
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302 Liberty in the Ancient World ab
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304 Limited Government Europe durin
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306 Locke, John (1632-1704) reputat
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M MACAULAY, THOMAS BABINGTON (1800-
Page 350 and 351:
Madison, James (1750-1836) 311 Kell
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Magna Carta 313 MAGNA CARTA Magna C
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Market Failure 315 Mandeville had g
Page 356 and 357:
Marriage 317 a public good, but thi
Page 358 and 359:
Marxism 319 both his social theorie
Page 360 and 361:
Material Progress 321 See also Coll
Page 362 and 363:
Material Progress 323 • soft and
Page 364 and 365:
Menger, Carl (1840-1921) 325 in a t
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Mercantilism 327 They therefore att
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Mill, John Stuart (1806-1873) 329 w
Page 370 and 371:
Milton, John (1608-1674) 331 that t
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Minimal State 333 same as that of m
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Mises, Ludwig von (1881-1972) 335 R
Page 376 and 377:
Molinari, Gustave de (1819-1912) 33
Page 378 and 379:
Montaigne, Michel de (1533-1592) 33
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Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat de
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Mont Pelerin Society 343 continue t
Page 384:
Murray, Charles (1943- ) 345 unable
Page 387 and 388:
348 Nationalism during the modern e
Page 389 and 390:
350 Natural Harmony of Interests em
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352 Natural Law upright men in vain
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354 New Deal New Deal critics compl
Page 395 and 396:
356 Nock, Albert Jay (1870-1945) th
Page 397 and 398:
358 Nonaggression Axiom freedom to
Page 399 and 400:
360 Nozick, Robert (1938-2002) and
Page 401 and 402:
362 Nozick, Robert (1938-2002) egal
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364 Oppenheimer, Franz (1864-1943)
Page 405 and 406:
366 Orwell, George (1903-1950) any
Page 407 and 408:
368 Ostrom, Vincent and Elinor (191
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370 Paternalism goods “cannot be
Page 411 and 412:
372 Paterson, Isabel (1886-1961) ca
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374 Peace and Pacifism liberalism,
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376 Philosophic Radicals Wilson adm
Page 417 and 418:
378 Physiocracy In the third volume
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380 Popper, Karl (1902-1994) groups
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382 Pornography constitution and to
Page 423 and 424:
384 Positive Liberty (i.e., that vi
Page 425 and 426:
386 Pound, Roscoe (1870-1964) in th
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388 Price, Richard (1723-1791) form
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390 Privacy Although the precise pr
Page 431 and 432:
392 Privacy data-protection laws. S
Page 433 and 434:
394 Privatization report that elect
Page 435 and 436:
396 Progress Spain and Portugal, an
Page 437 and 438:
398 Progressive Era Although many l
Page 439 and 440:
400 Prohibition of Alcohol a single
Page 441 and 442:
402 Psychiatry individualist anarch
Page 443 and 444:
404 Psychiatry are no bodily signs
Page 445 and 446:
406 Public Choice Economics voters
Page 447 and 448:
408 Pursuit of Happiness While pres
Page 449 and 450:
410 Pursuit of Happiness See also C
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412 Rand, Ayn (1905-1982) Douglass
Page 453 and 454:
414 Rand, Ayn (1905-1982) integrate
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416 Read, Leonard E. (1898-1983) wi
Page 457 and 458:
418 Regulation maintained correspon
Page 459 and 460:
420 Religion and Liberty but perfor
Page 461 and 462:
422 Rent Seeking in one’s conscie
Page 463 and 464:
424 Republicanism, Classical preser
Page 465 and 466:
426 Responsibility paternalistic la
Page 467 and 468:
428 Restitution for Crime Pollock a
Page 469 and 470:
430 Retribution for Crime fundament
Page 471 and 472:
432 Revolution, Right of assaults o
Page 473 and 474:
434 Rights, Natural See also Classi
Page 475 and 476:
436 Rights, Theories of another as
Page 477 and 478:
438 Right to Bear Arms profoundly s
Page 479 and 480:
440 Röpke, Wilhelm (1899-1966) Sup
Page 481 and 482:
442 Rothbard, Murray (1926-1995) 19
Page 483 and 484:
444 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712-17
Page 485 and 486:
446 Rule of Law The features of the
Page 488 and 489:
S SAY, JEAN-BAPTISTE (1767-1832) Je
Page 490 and 491:
Scholastics/School of Salamanca 451
Page 492 and 493:
Schumpeter, Joseph (1883-1950) 453
Page 494 and 495:
Secessionism 455 ———. The The
Page 496 and 497:
Senior, Nassau William (1790-1864)
Page 498 and 499:
Separation of Church and State 459
Page 500 and 501:
Sexuality 461 SEXUALITY Combining p
Page 502 and 503:
Simon, Julian (1932-1998) 463 Sidne
Page 504 and 505:
Slavery, World 465 radically denied
Page 506 and 507:
Slavery, World 467 the slaveholders
Page 508 and 509:
Slavery in America 469 Further Read
Page 510 and 511:
Smith, Adam (1723-1790) 471 follow
Page 512 and 513:
Social Darwinism 473 Although both
Page 514 and 515:
Socialism 475 and capital goods nee
Page 516 and 517:
Socialist Calculation Debate 477 Ma
Page 518 and 519:
Social Security 479 Further Reading
Page 520 and 521:
Sociology and Libertarianism 481 so
Page 522 and 523:
Spencer, Herbert (1820-1903) 483 qu
Page 524 and 525:
Spontaneous Order 485 ———.
Page 526 and 527:
Spontaneous Order 487 people are pe
Page 528 and 529:
Spooner, Lysander (1808-1887) 489 U
Page 530 and 531:
State 491 Libertarian literature is
Page 532 and 533:
Stirner, Max (1806-1856) 493 microe
Page 534 and 535:
Subsidiarity 495 habituated to the
Page 536 and 537:
Szasz, Thomas (1920- ) 497 a keen s
Page 538 and 539:
T TAFT, ROBERT A. (1889-1953) Rober
Page 540 and 541:
Tax Competition 501 are politically
Page 542 and 543:
Tax Competition 503 and purposes, A
Page 544 and 545:
Term Limits 505 Behind the argument
Page 546 and 547:
Tocqueville, Alexis de (1805-1859)
Page 548 and 549:
Tracy, Destutt de (1754-1836) 509 F
Page 550 and 551:
Transportation 511 and, in some cou
Page 552 and 553:
Tucker, Benjamin R. (1854-1939) 513
Page 554 and 555:
Turgot, Anne-Robert-Jacques (1727-1
Page 556 and 557:
U URBAN PLANNING The term urban pla
Page 558:
Utilitarianism 519 means incompatib
Page 561 and 562:
522 Virtue Similarly, a culture of
Page 563 and 564:
524 Voluntarism Further Readings Al
Page 565 and 566:
526 Voluntary Contract Enforcement
Page 568 and 569:
W WAR War is the quintessential und
Page 570 and 571:
War on Terror 531 Ebeling, Richard
Page 572 and 573:
War Powers 533 disruptive. For exam
Page 574 and 575:
Washington, George (1732-1799) 535
Page 576 and 577:
Wealth and Poverty 537 Emanuel Swed
Page 578 and 579:
Wealth and Poverty 539 create more
Page 580 and 581:
Welfare State 541 all government so
Page 582 and 583:
Wicksell, Knut (1851-1926) 543 also
Page 584 and 585:
Wollstonecraft, Mary (1759-1797) 54
Page 586 and 587:
Index Entry titles and their page n
Page 588 and 589:
Index 549 Henry David Thoreau and,
Page 590 and 591:
Index 551 interdisciplinary influen
Page 592 and 593:
Index 553 Brough, William, 338 Brou
Page 594 and 595:
Index 555 Lockhart v. McCree and, 5
Page 596 and 597:
Index 557 privatization and, 394-39
Page 598 and 599:
Index 559 communist regimes and lon
Page 600 and 601:
Index 561 Charles de Secondat de Mo
Page 602 and 603:
Index 563 Bill of Rights (U.S.) and
Page 604 and 605:
Index 565 Thomas Szasz and, 497-498
Page 606 and 607:
Index 567 Encyclopedia, or Reasoned
Page 608 and 609:
Index 569 Standard Social Sciences
Page 610 and 611:
Index 571 “no law” provision of
Page 612 and 613:
Index 573 resistance to, 190 David
Page 614 and 615:
Index 575 poor countries growth and
Page 616 and 617:
Index 577 Antony Fisher and, 177 Mi
Page 618 and 619:
Index 579 Humanism, 228-229 atheism
Page 620 and 621:
Index 581 Individual rights, 244-24
Page 622 and 623:
Index 583 embargo policy of, 263 Ep
Page 624 and 625:
Index 585 monopoly bargaining privi
Page 626 and 627:
Index 587 redistributive taxation a
Page 628 and 629:
Index 589 J. S. Mill and, 305 minim
Page 630 and 631:
Index 591 family status to social c
Page 632 and 633:
Index 593 war finance and, 327 worl
Page 634 and 635:
Index 595 Murray Rothbard and, 339
Page 636 and 637:
Index 597 liberty and progress term
Page 638 and 639:
Index 599 Our Enemy, the State (Noc
Page 640 and 641:
Index 601 Lady Chatterly’s Lover
Page 642 and 643:
Index 603 black markets and, 36 Bur
Page 644 and 645:
Index 605 equal liberty principle o
Page 646 and 647:
Index 607 Second Treatise of Govern
Page 648 and 649:
Index 609 positive liberty and coll
Page 650 and 651:
Index 611 core aspect of human pers
Page 652 and 653:
Index 613 definition of, 474 Enligh
Page 654 and 655:
Index 615 individualist anarchism o
Page 656 and 657:
Index 617 redistributive taxation (
Page 658 and 659:
Index 619 Uhler, Lew, 505 The Ultim
Page 660 and 661:
Index 621 foreign policy (U.S.) and
Page 662:
Index 623 Historical and Moral View
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