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598 The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism<br />

“protective associations” concept of, 333, 361<br />

qualifications of a state and, 333, 361<br />

Ayn Rand criticized by, 435<br />

John Rawls’s influence on, 416<br />

rights violation responses and, 333, 435<br />

Murray Rothbard criticism of, 334<br />

Second Treatise (Locke) and, 360–361<br />

self-ownership and, 332<br />

side constraint concept of, 358, 435<br />

state power issue and, 52<br />

taxation as forced labor concept of, 96<br />

ultraminimal state and, 333–334, 361<br />

welfare state issue and, 155, 360, 362, 524<br />

Nurkse, Ragnar, 121<br />

Nussbaum, Martha, 383<br />

Nye, Gerald P., 375<br />

Oakeshott, Michael, 95<br />

Obedience to Authority (Milgram), 277<br />

Objectivism, 363–364<br />

Nathaniel Branden and, 414<br />

Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal (Rand), 363<br />

<strong>capitalism</strong> as a moral ideal and, 363<br />

central themes of, 363<br />

classical republicanism and, 425<br />

critiques of, 364<br />

ethical egoism and, 241, 363, 414, 435–436<br />

The Fountainhead (Rand) and, 363<br />

ideal society based on trade and, 364<br />

man’s reasoning importance in, 363<br />

natural world is highest realm concept and, 363<br />

objectivist ethics and self-interest and, 363<br />

Ayn Rand’s system of ideas and, 363–364, 414, 435<br />

religious defense of liberty and, 364<br />

self-sacrifice for state’s interests and, 425<br />

The Virtue of Selfishness (Rand) and, 363<br />

O’Brian, Patrick, 468<br />

O’Connor, Justice Sandra Day, 144<br />

OECD. See Organisation for Economic Cooperation and<br />

Development (OECD)<br />

Offe, Claus, 254<br />

Of Population (Godwin), 211<br />

Oglesby, Carl, 112<br />

Ohio, Jacobellis v., 382<br />

Olson, Mancur, 119, 446–447<br />

Omnipotent Government: The Rise of the Total State and<br />

Total War (Mises), 221, 335<br />

O’Neill, John, 79<br />

On Liberty (Mill), 329<br />

antipaternalism in, 371<br />

corrupting effect of power and, xxxi<br />

excerpt from, xxi<br />

freedom of belief and expression in, 184, 187<br />

Wilhelm von Humboldt referenced in, 230, 305, 522<br />

individual liberty as condition of social well-being in, 330<br />

limited government and, 305<br />

modern notion of freedom in, 181<br />

proper limits of coercion and, 76<br />

Ricardian economics in, 72<br />

utilitarian ethics focus in, 34<br />

On Religion Considered in its Source, Forms, and<br />

Developments (Constant), 98<br />

On the Admission of Women to the Rights of Citizenship<br />

(Condorcet), 87<br />

On the History and Method of Economics (Knight), 274<br />

On the Principles of Political Economy and<br />

Taxation (Ricardo), 433<br />

On the Reasonableness of Christianity (Locke), xxvii, 306<br />

On the Republic (Cicero), 495<br />

Open Society and Its Enemies (Popper), 381<br />

Oppenheimer, Franz, 364–365<br />

economic vs. political wealth acquisition methods and, 365<br />

individual freedom, city development, money economy<br />

relationship and, 365<br />

land ownership and rent issues and, 365<br />

Albert Jay Nock influenced by, 357, 365<br />

objective evaluations focus of, 364–365<br />

Our Enemy, the State (Nock) and, 365<br />

state origins and development stages and, 365<br />

state vs. society concept of, 365<br />

The State written by, 365<br />

System der Soziologie written by, 365<br />

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development<br />

(OECD), 208, 502–503<br />

Organized crime, 128<br />

Ortega y Gasset, José, 365–366<br />

classical liberalism theme of, 366<br />

European unity concept and, 366<br />

Mass Man concept of, 365–366<br />

The Revolt of the Masses written by, 365–366<br />

Orwell, George, 366–368<br />

Animal Farm written by, 366, 367<br />

Burmese Days written by, 366–367<br />

<strong>capitalism</strong> and, 367<br />

Communism and, 367<br />

Down and Out in Paris and London written by, 366<br />

Homage to Catalonia written by, 367<br />

Independent Labour Party and, 367<br />

Arthur Koestler and, 367<br />

1984 written by, 366, 367, 382<br />

Road to Serfdom (Hayek) critiqued by, 367<br />

The Road to Wagon Pier written by, 367<br />

socialist philosophy of, 366, 367<br />

Spanish military service of, 367<br />

totalitarianism focus of, 366, 367–368<br />

Ostrogorski, Moisie, 380<br />

Ostrom, Vincent and Elinor, 368<br />

Bloomington School of Institutional Analysis and, 368<br />

civil society focus of, 68<br />

Michael Polanyi’s polycentricity concept and, 368<br />

public choice movement, 368<br />

self-organized governance systems focus of, 368

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