capitalism

568 The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism
property rights to natural resources focus of, 151–152
“tragedy of the commons” concept and, 151
The Wealth of Nations and the Environment
(Bernstam) and, 152
Eötvös, Jozsef, xxxii
Epicureanism, 153
atomic cosmology of, 153
contractarian social theory of, 153, 154
death not feared and, 153
empiricist methodology of, 153
equality and, 154
hedonistic ethics of, 153
human autonomy and, 153
individual happiness pursuit focus of, 302
social contract theory and, 302
spontaneous order supported by, 153, 302
Epicureans, 302
Epistemological Problems of Economics (Mises), 335
Epstein, Richard A., 153–154
books written by, 154
classic liberalism of, 154, 285
eminent domain work of, 154
employment discrimination laws and, 154
redistributing income issue and, 154
Takings: Private Property and the Power of Eminent
Domain written by, 154, 500
Equality, 154–156
affirmative action and, 6–8
egalitarianism vs., 155
English Civil Wars and, 154–155
Epicureanism and, 154
feminism and women’s rights and, 173–176
“Law of Equal Freedom” (H. Spencer) and, 155
Levellers and, 154–155, 290–291
libertarian individual rights and, 154
libertarian theory of justice and, 155
political reductionism and, 155
Power and Market (Rothbard) and, 155
Second Treatise of Government (Locke) and, 76, 113, 114,
117, 155, 306
Stoicism and, 154
Alexis de Tocqueville and, 507–509
See also Levellers (Great Britain)
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), 175
ERA. See Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
Erhard, Ludwig, 299
Espionage Act (1917), 375
Essay Concerning Human Understanding
(Locke), 30, 306
Essay on General History and on the Customs and
Character of Nations (Voltaire), 523
Essay on Population (Malthus), 72
An Essay on the History of Civil Society (A. Ferguson), 240
Essay on the History of Civil Society (Ferguson), 67, 176
Essay on the Life of the Philosopher Seneca (Diderot), 124
An Essay on Toleration (Locke), 305
Essays on Positive Economics (M. Friedman), 195
Essays on the Law of Nature (Locke), 305
The Essence of Stigler (Stigler), 493
Ethics. See Bioethics; Consequentialism; Individualism,
political and ethical
The Ethics of Competition (Knight), 274
The Ethics of Liberty (Rothbard), 34, 443
The Ethics of Redistribution (Jouvenel), 264
Etzioni, Amitai, 241
EU. See European Union (EU)
Eucken, Walter, 299
Eugenics, xxxv, 204–205
European Union (EU), 170
anti-globalization and, 208
harmonized tax policies of, 502
subsidiary issue in, 208
Treaty of European Union of 1992 and, 208
Euthanasia, 156–158
active euthanasia and, 157
advanced directives and, 157
aid in dying and, 157
assisted suicide and, 157
capital punishment and, 157
Death with Dignity Act (Oregon) and, 157
end-of-life decision making issues and, 156
“good death” (Greek) meaning of, 156
incompetent individuals and, 158
involuntary euthanasia and, 157
letting die and, 157
libertarian individual liberty and self-determination
principles and, 158
mercy killing and, 157
mercy medication resulting in death vs., 156, 157, 158
murder vs., 156
nonvoluntary euthanasia and, 157
passive euthanasia and, 157
Promethius vs. Job and, 156, 158
suicide vs., 156
surrogate decision making and, 158
terminology regarding, 156
treatment refusals vs., 156
voluntary euthanasia and, 156–157
Evolutionary psychology, 158–161
behavior generated by brain processes and, 159
brain comprised of specialized programs and, 159–160
brain programs evolved through natural
selection and, 159
Charles Darwin’s natural selection work and, 159
human reasoning assumptions and, 160–161
libertarian assumptions about human nature and, 161
map human nature goal of, 158
mind definition and, 158
modern vs. ancestral environments and, 159
paternalism and, 370–372
reasoning instinct programs and, 160
social Darwinism and, 472–474