JP 3-01 Countering Air and Missile Threats - Defense Innovation ...

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Introduction Counterair Framework Counterair Offensive Counterair • Attack operations Attacks on missile sites, airfields, command and control, infrastructure • Suppression of enemy air defenses • Fighter escort • Fighter sweep Defensive Counterair • Active air and missile defense Air defense Ballistic missile defense • Passive air and missile defense Detection and warning Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear defenses Camouflage, concealment, and deception Hardening Reconstitution Dispersion Redundancy Mobility Counterair operations are subject to JFC-approved weapons control procedures and airspace coordinating measures. The counterair framework is based on integrating offensive and defensive operations against both aircraft and missile threats. a. Offensive Counterair Figure I-1. Counterair Framework (1) OCA is offensive operations to destroy, disrupt, or neutralize enemy aircraft, missiles, launch platforms, and their supporting structures and systems both before and after launch, and as close to their source as possible. The goal of OCA operations is to prevent the launch of enemy aircraft and missiles by destroying them and their overall supporting infrastructure prior to employment. (2) OCA operations are the preferred method of countering air and missile threats because they reduce the level of the threat that defensive forces must face. OCA operations generally are conducted at the initiative of friendly forces, and normally are a high priority as long as an enemy has the air and missile capability to threaten friendly forces and regions and conduct aerial surveillance and reconnaissance in friendly airspace. OCA operations also include targeting those assets that directly or indirectly enable enemy airpower, such as petroleum, oils and lubricants, airfield facilities, missile reload and storage facilities, aircraft repair structures, and command and control (C2) facilities. OCA includes the four operations briefly described as follows: (a) Attack Operations. OCA attack operations include targeting enemy air and missile forces on the surface and the infrastructure and systems that contribute to their capabilities. Some Services refer to these as “strike” operations. I-3
Chapter I (b) Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD). Activity that neutralizes, destroys, or temporarily degrades surface-based enemy air defenses (AD) by destructive and/or disruptive means. (c) Fighter Escort. Fighter escort includes providing dedicated protection sorties by air-to-air capable fighters in support of other offensive air and air support operations over enemy territory or in a DCA role to protect aircraft such as high value airborne assets (HVAAs). (d) Fighter Sweep. Fighter sweep is an offensive mission by fighter aircraft to seek out and destroy enemy aircraft or targets of opportunity in a designated area. Detailed discussions of these missions can be found in Chapter IV, “Offensive Counterair Planning and Operations.” b. Defensive Counterair. DCA is all defensive measures designed to detect, identify, intercept, and neutralize or destroy enemy forces attempting to penetrate or attack through friendly airspace. DCA includes both active and passive AMD measures to protect friendly forces, critical assets, population centers, infrastructure, etc., and deny enemy freedom of action in friendly airspace. The goal of DCA operations, in concert with OCA operations, is to provide an area from which forces can operate while protected from air and missile threats. DCA operations must be integrated and synchronized with OCA operations and all other joint force operations. Further discussion of responsibilities for developing weapons control procedures and airspace coordinating measures (ACMs) can be found in Chapter III, “Counterair Planning.” (1) Active Air and Missile Defense. Active AMD is direct defensive action taken to destroy, nullify, or reduce the effectiveness of air and missile threats against friendly forces and assets. It includes the use of aircraft, AD weapons, missile defense weapons, electronic warfare (EW), multiple sensors, and other available weapons/capabilities. Ideally, integration of those systems will allow for a defense in depth, with the potential for multiple engagements that increase the probability for success. Air and ballistic missile defenses (BMDs) should be closely integrated to form an essential capability within DCA. While AD is defensive measures designed to destroy attacking aircraft or missiles in the atmosphere, or to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of such attack, BMD is recognized as unique because of the significance of the ballistic missile (BM) threat and the difficulty of the defense. The integration of these elements provides for an integrated air defense system (IADS) that is unique to each JFC and contributes to defense in depth, with the potential for multiple engagements that increase the probability for success. (2) Passive Air and Missile Defense. Passive AMD is all measures, other than active AMD, taken to minimize the effectiveness of hostile air and missile threats against friendly forces and assets. These measures include detection, warning, camouflage, concealment, deception, dispersion, and the use of protective construction. Passive AMD improves survivability by reducing the likelihood of detection and targeting of friendly assets I-4 JP 3-01
Page 1 and 2: Joint Publication 3-01 Countering A
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Chapter III 13. Identification, Com
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Chapter III enemy (i.e., low confid
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Chapter III 17. Critical Asset List
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Chapter III (a) Level 1. Level 1 pr
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Chapter III and take advantage of r
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Chapter III commercial, and request
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Chapter III Intentionally Blank III
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Chapter IV threads that tie all joi
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Chapter IV (7) Assessment—the abi
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Chapter IV special operations, and
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Chapter IV SECTION B. OFFENSIVE COU
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Chapter IV (5) Major IADS C2 facili
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Chapter IV Refer to JP 3-60, Joint
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Chapter IV protect specific operati
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Chapter IV (2) An air support reque
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Chapter IV 10. Fighter Sweep a. The
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Chapter IV Intentionally Blank IV-2
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Chapter V (1) Centralized Planning
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Chapter V maritime forces in the ex
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Chapter V impact the theater-wide J
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Chapter V 1. Tracks not updating/tr
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Chapter V (2) DCA Estimate. Planner
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Chapter V (b) Point Defense. Point
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Chapter V 6. Delegate necessary aut
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Chapter V 1. DCA fighter aircraft a
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Chapter V (5) Firing Doctrine. Guid
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Chapter V (3) The likelihood and ti
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Chapter V (d) Chemical, Biological,
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Chapter V annihilation, AD aircraft
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Chapter V multitude of targets, som
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Chapter V Intentionally Blank V-28
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Appendix A e. Electronic methods pr
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Appendix A positive hostile IDs are
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Appendix A Intentionally Blank A-6
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Appendix B (3) Describe BM defense
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Appendix B ANNEXES: (List of notion
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Appendix B Enclosure 1: References
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Appendix C terrain and air avenues
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Appendix C (5) Passive and active D
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Appendix D b. Manufacturing. Countr
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Appendix D 45 minutes and relocated
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Appendix D 4. Cruise Missiles a. A
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Appendix D infrastructure, logistic
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Appendix D Gulf War The initial hop
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Appendix E terrestrial services. Th
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Appendix E supporting commander, ba
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Appendix E delegated to the lowest
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Appendix E under attack, and the ti
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Appendix E development, testing, an
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Appendix E Intentionally Blank E-12
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Appendix F m. JP 3-27, Homeland Def
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Appendix G 6. Distribution of Elect
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Glossary C2 CAL CAP CAS CBRN CCDR C
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Glossary JFC JFCC-IMD JFLCC JFMCC J
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Glossary TACS TAGS TAOC TDL TEL TGM
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Glossary air defense direction cent
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Glossary combat air patrol. An airc
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Glossary flight advisory. None. (Ap
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Glossary employed to engage air thr
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Glossary radar netting unit. None.
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Glossary been identified. (Approved
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