JP 3-01 Countering Air and Missile Threats - Defense Innovation ...

Chapter III
and take advantage of reachback capabilities within the reprogramming centers that
support specialized and self-protection EW systems. Airborne EW is especially important
to SEAD operations throughout a campaign.
d. The development and updating of the joint restricted frequency list (JRFL) is critical
to successful counterair operations because of the EW and IO implications. All joint
operations require a JRFL to identify and deconflict/synchronize friendly force use of
frequencies. This list is a critical tool in the management of the use of the electromagnetic
spectrum, and it specifies protected frequencies that should not be disrupted either because of
friendly use or friendly exploitation. The JRFL is maintained and promulgated by the J-6
through the joint frequency management office (JFMO) in coordination with the J-2, J-3, and
the JFC’s EW staff or an EWCC, if delegated. The JFMO must manage all frequencies used
by the joint force. For defensive purposes, the JRFL is a means of preventing radio
frequency interference among friendly users. Frequency deconfliction through the use of the
JRFL is also a key to a successful coordinated defense against enemy C2-attack operations.
EW planners must know what frequencies to protect from enemy EW action. The JRFL is
constantly being modified, and a daily EW deconfliction message normally is used to protect
frequencies from jamming or other forms of manipulation. Experience has shown that
during intense SEAD operations, friendly forces have been erroneously attacked because
their electronic emitters were not recognized as friendly.
For more details regarding the JFRL and JFMO and in-depth discussion on EW, see JP 3-
13.1, Electronic Warfare.
For more information on IO, see JP 3-13, Information Operations.
21. Space Operations
a. The enabling capabilities that space operations bring to the joint force are significant
for countering air and missile threats. Space forces provide BM launch warnings and attack
assessments, engagement sensor cueing, launch locations, predicted headings and impact
areas, global and theater-/JOA-wide communications, current and forecast weather
information, space based ISR, global positioning system (and navigation and timing assets
for accuracy of precision munitions), and theater-/JOA-wide ID/CID systems support. Space
assets also may be used to facilitate emission control and jamming/spoofing when
conducting SEAD missions.
b. The JFC normally designates a lower echelon commander as the SCA to serve as the
focal point for coordinating user requirements for space support with USSTRATCOM. Each
GCC has a network of space operators resident on staffs at multiple echelons. Their primary
purpose is to serve as theater advisors for space systems (national, civil, commercial,
military, and foreign) and for integrating space capabilities into joint force planning and
employment. These individuals concentrate primarily on working the detailed activities of
theater space operations.
For more information on space operations, see JP 3-14, Space Operations.
III-24 JP 3-01