JP 3-01 Countering Air and Missile Threats - Defense Innovation ...

Command and Control
(control and reporting center [CRC], tactical air operations center [TAOC], or an Aegis
equipped ship) of the other components.
(2) Navy. Navy forces (NAVFOR) contribute to the joint counterair effort by
providing sensor, engagement, and C2 capability. In addition to defending maritime forces
from air and missile threats, NAVFOR may be employed in support of operations or to
defend assets on land. Maritime surface AMD capability is centered on multi-mission
capable ships that are employed to meet multiple JFC priorities. To balance competing
operational requirements and adjudicate between conflicting demands, the Navy component
commander (NCC) retains OPCON and TACON of ships with AMD capability. Navy OCA
capability can be employed theater-/JOA-wide, but their DCA capability is normally within
the maritime AO. The Navy has an integrated AMD planning and battle management
capability, normally performed by a commander, task force integrated air and missile
defense (CTF IAMD). CTF IAMD, or a subordinate Navy commander such as an air and
missile defense commander (AMDC) may function as a RADC/SADC. Depending on the
threat and available forces, the AMDC function may be split between a separate air defense
commander (ADC) and BMD commander. For some limited, maritime-centric operations
such as an amphibious operation, the NCC may function as the JFACC or AADC.
(3) Marine Corps. Marine Corps forces (MARFOR) task organize as a Marine
air-ground task force (MAGTF) that remains under the OPCON of the commander, Marine
Corps forces (COMMARFOR). The COMMARFOR under a JFC is typically a MAGTF
commander who retains OPCON of organic air assets. During joint operations, the MAGTF
aviation combat element (ACE) will be in support of MAGTF ground combat element
(GCE) to accomplish the MAGTF mission. The MAGTF commander will make sorties
available to the JFC, for tasking through the JFACC, for AD, long-range interdiction, and
long-range reconnaissance. MAGTF air assets are made available for counterair through the
air apportionment process. The MAGTF can provide a joint SADC utilizing its TAOC.
(4) Air Force. Counterair is a primary function of the Air Force forces (AFFOR)
during joint operations. The AFFOR can make available sensor systems, C2 systems, and
weapon systems and is capable of providing one or more RADCs/SADCs throughout the
JOA, including within the land component AO. The Air Force operates a number of air and
space operations centers worldwide. For joint operations, one of these with suitable joint
augmentation is capable of being used as a joint air operations center (JAOC). The
commander, Air Force forces (COMAFFOR), maintains centralized control of air operations
through the Air Force air and space operations center and the daily air tasking order (ATO).
Decentralized execution of the ATO is normally accomplished by subordinate air
commanders using elements of the theater air control system (TACS). The CRC may be
used as the core element for an AD region/sector and can monitor/direct implementation of
airspace control, ID, and weapons control procedures. For a large-scale, extended campaign,
the COMAFFOR may provide appropriate elements of the TACS (i.e., CRCs and the
Airborne Warning and Control System [AWACS]) in support of joint air operations and
counterair operations. If required, several CRCs may be provided to cover various
operational areas within the JOA. AWACS may provide an initial TACS capability in the
JOA until the CRCs are deployed and operational. The AWACS provides elevated sensors
and radios for operational reach and in operations of a limited scope or duration can provide
II-5