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186 Taiwan Development Perspectives 2009 Taiwan’s direct foreign investment in the United States has contributed to the growth of trade between the two countries. Taiwan is the eighth largest trading partner of the United States now. Emigrants from China The People’s Republic started economic reform in accordance with the policy decision taken at the Third Central Committee Plenary Session of the Eleventh Chinese Communist Party National Congress in 1978. The policy, as Deng Xiaoping explained, aims at building the People’s Republic as a “socialist country with Chinese characteristics.” What actually took place was a change from the planned economy to the market economy. In fact, Deng opened China in 1977. Many Chinese university professors sent to the United States as visiting scholars. Graduate students followed as the opening continued apace. On completion of their studies, they were free to find work in the United States. Chinese students in the United States now far outnumber those from Taiwan. It was a repetition of Taiwan’s brain drain. The exodus peaked after the crush of the freedom movement at Tiananmen Square in Beijing in 1989. A very high proportion of Chinese students stayed and naturalized in the United States. Then there was an economic takeoff in China. Its economy has grown phenomenally over the past two decades. Consequently, a large number of Chinese students started returning to their home country to work. As the emigration has continued, the lingua franca in Chinatowns has changed. It used to be Cantonese, spoken with a Taishan accent. It is a Fuzhou Min dialect with a Fuqing accent. Descendants of former coolies have left Chinatowns for assimilation into citywide communities. The restaurants and shops run by Cantonese-speaking Nisei or Sansei have taken over by native speakers of the Fuzhou Min dialect. Conclusion The change the overseas Chinese in the United States have undergone over the past 160 years reflects the process of China moving from an agricultural society into an industrial one. When there was an overbalance of labor against farmland, people had to emigrate. They went overseas to seek work. They did menial manual work abroad to eke a living. When high education became popular, more graduate students and intellectuals emigrated. As the economy has grown rapidly, overseas Chinese entrepreneurs are able to do business all over the world. Moreover, they often succeed. Overseas Chinese in the United States have vastly changed their role in the American economy. Almost at the same time, emigration from China began to surge. The United States is the most popular destination. Chinese immigrants in the United States far outnumber those from Taiwan, as the former increase the latter decrease. In addition, the Chinese are engaged in more varied occupations and professions. There are big business owners, scholars, experts, professionals as well as laborers.
Impact of Closer Cooperation with China on Taiwan’s Economic Development 187 Impact of Closer Cooperation with China on Taiwan’s Economic Development LIN, Chu-chia, TAN, Ching-yu Abstract Economic cooperation between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait has been intensified since President Ma Ying-jeou took office in May 2008. An agreement was signed between the Straits Exchange Foundation and the Association for Relations across the Taiwan Straits for the inauguration of direct weekend charter flights between Taiwan and China on July 4. Four more agreements were signed in Taipei on November 4 in Taipei to further improve relations across the Taiwan Strait. A cooperative mechanism may be developed to normalize cross-strait economic and trade relations. If Taiwan, China and Hong Kong form a free trade zone, they will each substantially increase their respective gross domestic product. More benefits will accrue if China succeeds in forming an East Asian free trade zone. This study aims at illustrate the expanding effects of closer economic cooperation between Taiwan and China.
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CONTENTS Preface Overview ix xi Foc
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Agriculture and Fisheries Impact of
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CHUANG, Yih-chyi( 莊奕琦 ) Pro
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TAN, Ching-yu( 譚瑾瑜 ) Associ
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enth effort on the part of the Foun
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ills pertinent to parliamentary ref
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