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230 Taiwan Development Perspectives 2009 projects not yet approved by the Council for Economic Planning and Development (CEPD) have to be reevaluated by the governments of counties or cities where bridges are to be built or rebuilt. Then the projects reevaluated must be submitted to the CEPD for a final review and approval. Once bridges are in use, their management must be strictly enforced. Current regulations governing bridge management have to be reviewed and revision should be made, if necessary, to ensure accidents can be prevented. In particular, sophisticated monitoring systems have to be installed to detect faults, while more personnel must be deployed to help guard traffic safety on bridges that may collapse in floods. Responsibility for maintenance has to be clearly assigned. Currently, as roads, highways and freeways are placed under the jurisdiction of different government authorities so is the responsibility assigned differently. Moreover, local governments are financially unable to provide proper maintenance for bridges in their jurisdictions localities. Responsibility should be fairly shared. On the other hand, the government should make more budget allocations for maintenance of bridges. If possible, a special bridge maintenance act can be adopted to secure a sufficient fund to keep all bridges safe. Furthermore, the government has to come up with a timetable for rebuilding dangerous bridges at an earliest possible date and make a policy decision as well so that research and development in bridge construction and maintenance may be financed and better bridges built.
A Synthesis of Energy Tax, Carbon Tax and Emission Trading in Taiwan 231 A Synthesis of Energy Tax, Carbon Tax and Emission Trading in Taiwan LIANG, Chi-yuan Abstract This paper compares the effects of energy tax and carbon tax on the economy with the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in Taiwan. It also compares the merits and demerits of carbon tax and the emission trading system and synthesizes energy tax, carbon tax and emission trading in Taiwan. The simulation model employed in the paper is the Dynamic General Equilibrium Model of Taiwan (DGEMT). One major finding is that the negative impact of carbon tax is only one third of the similar impact of energy tax in reaching the same amount of carbon dioxide emissions to be reduced. The government should levy carbon tax instead of the energy tax that is planning to collect. Another finding is that carbon tax is fairer, more acceptable, more timely, and easier to enforce and more cost-effective than emission trading. However, to enhance the effectiveness in emission reduction and demand the big emitters such as power companies and energy-intensive industries to share more reduction obligations, the government had better impose carbon tax and emission trading at the same time.
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CONTENTS Preface Overview ix xi Foc
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Agriculture and Fisheries Impact of
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CHUANG, Yih-chyi( 莊奕琦 ) Pro
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TAN, Ching-yu( 譚瑾瑜 ) Associ
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enth effort on the part of the Foun
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ills pertinent to parliamentary ref
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