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66 Taiwan Development Perspectives 2009 Preschool Education Preschool education lasts from one to two years. Preschool education is not in Taiwan at present. There were only 28 kindergartens on the island in 1950, with 17,111 in attendance. Nursery schools totaled 3,283 in 2007, with a combined enrollment of 191,733 children. Parents are eager to provide their children below six years of age with preschool education. The children attending kindergartens in 2007 were 10.2 times as many as in 1950. Preschool education is most developed in France, Germany, and Australia. Their gross enrollment for children aged 5 or younger was 100 percent or above in 2006. The United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, and South Korea followed, all well over 50 percent. Taiwan and China lagged behind at 27.66 percent and 39 percent, respectively. A net enrollment rate is estimated at 83 percent for Taiwan, the difference being due to inconsistency in its preschool education system. The Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Education share the responsibility of preschool education, under which kindergartens for children three to six years old coexist with childcare centers for babies six months old or younger. At least 80 percent of these institutions are privately run. Tabulation is quite difficult and only an estimate was made for the net enrollment. (See Table 6.) Country Table 6. Gross Enrollment Rates for Preschool Education 2006 Total M. F. Unit:% Taiwan 27.66 (83.0) 27.67 (83.0) 27.65 (83.0) China 39 40 38 Japan 86 -- -- South Korea 96 94 97 United States of America 61 61 61 United Kingdom 72 71 73 France 116 116 115 Germany 105 106 105 Australia 104 106 103 Notes: 1. Children aged five are tabulated for the gross enrollment rate. 2. The figures within the parentheses are the estimated net enrollment rates. 3. Gross enrollment rate = number of children / population reaching school age for preschool education x100. Source: Department of Statistics, Ministry of Education, 2008a, p.2. Japan, the United Kingdom and Australia lead in the net enrollment of preschoolers. The United States and South Korea follow. Although Taiwan’s net enrollment rate was as low as 27.5 percent in 2006, its estimated enrollment of preschoolers at 82.7 percent. rivals Japan’s 85 percent net enrollment. (See Table 7.) The
Taiwan’s Important Education Indicators 67 government is now planning to allow children aged 5 to enter kindergartens free of charge, a practice that may help boost the enrollment and enhance the quality of preschool education. Table 7. Net Enrollment Rates for Preschool Education Unit:% Countries 2006 Total Male Female Taiwan. 27.57 (82.7) 27.57 (82.7) 27.57 (82.7) Japan 85 -- -- South Korea 51 50 51 United States of America 56 56 57 United Kingdom 67 67 68 Australia 63 63 62 Notes: 1. The net enrollment refers to the attendance of children aged 5 at registered kindergartens. 2. The figure within the parentheses indicates the estimated net enrollment rate. 3. Net enrollment rate = student number in preschool education / population reaching school age for preschool education x 100 Source: Department of Statistics, Ministry of Education, 2008a, p.6. Elementary Education Elementary education in Taiwan lasts nine years. It is compulsory. There were 1,231 primary schools with a combined enrollment of 906,950 pupils in 1950. Pupils are graduated in six years. Junior school education was made compulsory in 1968. Junior high school students take three years to graduate. Compulsory education or elementary education requires children to study nine years after 1968. Primary schools totaled 2,224 (with a combined enrollment of 2,383,204) in 1968. There were 487 junior high schools with a combined enrollment of 617,225 students in that year. Primary schools totaled 2,651 (1,753,930 students) and junior high schools 740 (953,324 students) in 2007. After finishing the nine-year schooling, teenagers could either go to work or enter senior high schools, senior vocational schools, or junior colleges to continue their studies. Elementary education is compulsory in all nine countries surveyed. Gross enrollment rates topped 100 percent in all nine in 2006, except the United States (at an average of 98%) and Taiwan where the rate for male students stood at 98.2 percent and female students at 100.55 percent for an average of 99.54 percent. (See Table 8.) There may have been some dropouts or students who were unable to go to school in the United States and Taiwan.
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CONTENTS Preface Overview ix xi Foc
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Agriculture and Fisheries Impact of
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CHUANG, Yih-chyi( 莊奕琦 ) Pro
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TAN, Ching-yu( 譚瑾瑜 ) Associ
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enth effort on the part of the Foun
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ills pertinent to parliamentary ref
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