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276 Taiwan Development Perspectives 2009 Introduction Owing to the influence of labor flexibility strategies, “atypical work types” have been widely adopted by employers in dealing with market variation. An atypical work type, "dispatched work" is controversial and has attracted much academic attention, since it challenges directly the fundamental principle that labor is not a commodity. 1 Although dispatched work is of much con cern to employers, workers and governments, it has been growing in some OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries and is recognized as a phenomenon irreversible. (See Table 1) Table 1 Evolution of Part-time and Temporary Workers as a Percentage of Total Employment in Selected OECD Countries in 1985, 1990 and 1995 Country Part-time work Temporary work 1985 1990 1995 1985 1990 1995 Ausrtalia 1 17.5 a 21.3 24.8 15.6 e 18.7 23.5 e Belgium 2 8.6 10.9 13.6 6.9 5.3 5.3 Canada 1 16.8 b 17.0 18.6 7.5 d 8.8 e France 2 10.9 11.9 15.6 4.7 10.5 12.3 Germany 2 12.8 15.2 16.3 10.0 10.5 10.4 Ireland 2 6.5 8.1 12.1 7.3 8.5 10.2 Japan 1 15.8 b 18.8 19.8 10.3 11.0 10.4 e Netherland 2 22.7 31.8 37.4 7.5 7.6 11.4 New Zealand 1 15.3 b 20.0 21.5 -- -- -- Norway 1 29.6 26.3 26.5 -- -- 14.0 Spain 2 5.8 a 5.0 7.5 15.6 a 29.8 35.0 Sweden 2 25.7 23.8 25.8 11.9 a 10.0 12.5 United Kindom 2 21.2 21.7 24.1 7.0 5.1 7.0 United States 1 18.4 b 16.9 18.6 -- 0.8 d 2.2 e Source: Ozaki, M. 1999. Negotiating Flexibility: The Role of the Social Partners and the State. (Geneva: ILO.) p. 9. Notes:1. OECD, 1996-97; 2. European Commission. DG V, 1996, pp. 147-162. a 1987 data; b 1983 data; c 1984 data; d 1989 data; e 1994 data. 1 Vosko, Leah F. 1997. “Legitimizing the Triangular Employment Relationship: Emerging International Labour Standards from a Comparative Perspective.” Comparative Labor Law Journal. 19(1): 44.
Protection of Dispatched Workers’ Right to Organize or Participate in Labor Unions 277 The attitude of labor unions toward dispatched work was defensive and negative. However, in recognition of the irreversibility of dispatched work, labor unions have adjusted their attitude and tried to find an appropriate strategy and method to deal with the development of dis patched work. 2 Generally speaking, labor unions have adopted such strategies as exclusion, servicing, partnership, social dialogue and mobilization to deal with the development of dispatched work. (See Table 2 for description of each strategy.). 3 Table 2 Labor Union Strategies to Cope with Dispatched Work Strategy Exclusion Servicing, Partnership Social dialogue Mobilization Description Labor unions exclude dispatched workers from employment and perhaps also from union membership. Labor unions draw dispatched workers into trade unionism through provision of individual services. Labor unions seek cooperation with employers for furnishing existing union members with guarantees of future employment. Labor unions attempt to influence government policy and secure changes in employment laws in order to conserve job opportunities of existing union members and reduce the insecurity experienced by dispatched workers. Labor unions seek to mobilize members and supporters in pursuit of an explicitly moral demand for justice. Source:Excerpt from Heery, Edmund & Abbott, Brian. 2000. “Trade Unions and the Insecure Workforce.” In Heery, Edmund & Salmon, John ed. The Insecure Workforce. (London: Routledge). pp. 158-163. Although labor unions have adopted such positive strategy as servicing to deal with dispatched work, they are still deeply concerned with the potential threat posed by its development, in particular when the decline in labor union density has become a worldwide phenomenon and most of dispatched workers are inclined not to join labor unions. 4 2 Ozaki, Muneto. 1999. Negotiating Flexibility: The Role of the Social Partners and the State. (Geneva: ILO). P. 99. 3 Heery, Edmund & Abbott, Brian. 2000. “Trade Unions and the Insecure Workforce.” In Heery, Edmund & Salmon, John ed. The Insecure Workforce. (London: Routledge) p. 157. 4 Heery & Abbott, Ibid, p. 155.
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CONTENTS Preface Overview ix xi Foc
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Agriculture and Fisheries Impact of
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CHUANG, Yih-chyi( 莊奕琦 ) Pro
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TAN, Ching-yu( 譚瑾瑜 ) Associ
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enth effort on the part of the Foun
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