PDF(2.7mb) - 國家政策研究基金會

More documents

Recommendations

Info

10 Taiwan Development Perspectives 2009 tegrate limited local resources; how to apply abundant civil participation and potential so as to supervise local politics and governments on possible power monopolization, decay and disability. Meanwhile, civil society can help to supplement the insufficiency presented by local governments. It is essential that a civil society exists and operates in a common society so that an extensive grassroots foundation in democratic politics can be established. And the idea of equal participation may come into the people’s hearts. To put it simple, a sound civil society is able to avoid the public being manipulated by politicians and prevent development of populism. Civil society also prevents deterioration of democratic politics. As Taiwan moves into the stage of democratic consolidation, it is better to make more efforts to reconstruct the political ecology, culture and system and continue the development of governmental and public abilities so as to strengthen the public responsibilities shared by civil society and enhance public supervision and anti-corruption force. The democratic development in Taiwan can be further deepened and consolidated for creating a more mature and developed civil society. IV. Development of Party Politics after 2008 The year 2008 saw a marked change in the development of party politics in Taiwan. The Democratic Progressive Party, which increased its power base winning election after election after 1986 at the cost of the Kuomintang, lost steam and was defeated in the legislative and presidential elections of 2008. The Kuomintang overwhelmingly won the elections to come back to power. The table shows the results of elections between 1992 and 2008. Table 4 Voter Support for KMT and DPP in Elections(1992-2008) Year Election Rate of votes received by KMT ceived by DPP Rate of votes re- Remark 1992 Legislators 53.02% 31.03% 1993 Magistrates and mayors 47.47% 41.03% 1994 Provincial governor 56.2% 38.7% 1994 Mayor of Taipei City 25.9% 43.7% New Party30.2% 1994 Mayor of Kaohsiung City 54.5% 39.3% 1995 Legislators 46.1% 33.2% New Party 13% 1996 President 54.0% 21.13% Independent 24.88% 1997 Magistrates and mayors 42.1% 43.3% 1998 Mayor of Taipei City 51.1% 45.9% 1998 Mayor of Kaohsiung City 48.1% 48.7% 1998 Legislators 46.4% 29.6% 2000 President Independent: Sung Chu-Yu & 23.10% 39.30% Chang Chao-Hsiung 36.84% 2001 Magistrates and mayors 35.1% 45.3% 2001 Legislators People First Party 18.6%;Taiwan 28.6% 33.4% Solidarity Union 7.8% 2002 Mayor of Taipei City 64.1% 35.9% 2002 Mayor of Kaohsiung City 46.8% 50.0% 2004 President 49.89% 50.11% 2004 Legislators 32.83% 35.72% People First Party 13.90%;Taiwan Solidarity Union 7.79%
Development of Democratic Politics after 2008 11 2005 Magistrates and mayors 50.96% 41.95% 2006 Mayor of Taipei City 53.81% 40.89% 2006 Mayor of Kaohsiung City 49.27% 49.41% 2008 Legislators 53.48%/51.23% 38.65%/36.91% 2008 President 58.45% 41.55% Remarks: The “single constituency and two-vote system” was applied for the 2008 legislative elections. The first figure denotes the regional rate while the second figure refers to the vote-winning rate for legislators at large and nationals living abroad. Sources: the databank website of Central Election Commission. http://210.69.23.140/cec/cechead.asp; information of elections for public servants, Election Research Center, National Chengchi University. http://vote.nccu.edu.tw/cec/vote4.asp The above table is produced by the author. One factor contributing to the change emerged in 2005 in an amendment to the Constitution. It mandates the “single constituency/two-vote system” for parliamentary elections. In the legislative elections of 2008, voters were required to cast two ballots, one for a candidate and the other for a political party, to elect 74 “regional” lawmakers, one from each single constituency, and 39 others at large from among nominees of political parties according to proportional representation. The Democratic Progressive Party received 39 percent of the votes cast, a record high, but was able to win 18 percent of the seats, the share it had in 1986 when it was inaugurated. The 2008 legislative and presidential elections have set four trends in Taiwan’s political development. They are bipartisan competition, a majority government as the key issue in that competition, political moderation, and a leaning toward the presidential system of government. 1. Bipartisan Competition All minority parties were shut out of the Legislative Yuan in 2008. Only two major parties remain. The new legislative election system tends to eliminate small political parties. The Kuomintang and the Democratic Progressive Party will compete against each other to win a parliamentary majority in the foreseeable future. The bipartisan competition also precludes possibilities of party alliance and coalition government. 2. Majority Government as the Key Issue The Democratic Progressive Party could never control a majority in the Legislative Yuan. Its government was a minority one, lacking full support of the parliament. A minority government is prone to political instability. In the past, most voters in Taiwan supported one party in the presidential elections but the other in the legislative elections so that checks and balances might be in place against the administration. While the Democratic Progressive Party was in power, its minority government was crippled by crisis after political crisis. Discontented voters who elected a Kuomintang-controlled legislature opted for a majority government to make Ma Ying-jeou president. (The votes Ma received were five percent more than the party won in the legislative elections.) A majority government is conducive to political stability as well as Taiwan’s economic development. In the future, the two parties need to make majority government the key issue in competition for power. 3. Political Moderation Before the new election system was introduced, legislators had been elected by “single-nontransferable votes” from multiple constituencies. Radical candidates, those diehard Taiwan independence activists and equally deeply ingrained Chinese unification advocates, had chances to win seats in the Legislative Yuan. The
Page 1 and 2: CONTENTS Preface Overview ix xi Foc
Page 3: Agriculture and Fisheries Impact of
Page 6 and 7: CHUANG, Yih-chyi( 莊奕琦 ) Pro
Page 8 and 9: TAN, Ching-yu( 譚瑾瑜 ) Associ
Page 10 and 11: enth effort on the part of the Foun
Page 12 and 13: ills pertinent to parliamentary ref
Page 14 and 15: xiv
Page 16 and 17: 2 Taiwan Development Perspectives 2
Page 26 and 27: 12 Taiwan Development Perspectives
Page 74 and 75:
60 Taiwan Development Perspectives
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
show all

PDF(2.7mb) - 國家政策研究基金會

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?