Architecture and management of a geological repository - Andra

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4 – Waste disposal PackagesFigure 4.1.1Options envisaged for B waste disposal package• "Cylindrical metal package" optionIn this first option, a cylindrical metal basket forms the package framework. The internal voids arefilled with concrete. This package is stackable. In the case of bitumen packages (reference B2.1), thistype of disposal package holding three primary packages will weigh around four tonnes, for anexternal diameter of about 1.4 metres and a height of 1.3 metres.• "Cylindrical concrete package" optionThis option is a steel basket holding three primary packages set in concrete. There is a minimumamount of steel. This package is stackable. In the case of bitumen packages (reference B2.1), this typeof disposal package holding three primary packages will weigh around three tonnes, for an externaldiameter of about 1.4 metres and a height of 1.3 metres.DOSSIER 2005 ARGILE -ARCHITECTURE AND MANAGEMENT OF A GEOLOGICAL DISPOSAL SYSTEM110/495
4 – Waste disposal Packages• "Parallelepipedal, mid-size concrete package" optionThis option consists of a parallelepipedal, mid-size concrete box with cylindrical housings adjusted tothe primary packages. This package may be stacked over several levels in the disposal cell. In the caseof bitumen B2.1 reference packages, this type of disposal package grouping four primary packages hasdimensions close to a cube with sides of 1.5 metres and weighs approximately 7 tonnes.• "Parallelepipedal, large concrete package" optionThis option is for a large parallelepipedal concrete box that cannot be stacked in the cell.The thickness of the external wall could be sized to reduce the dose rate on contact to a valuecompatible with operator presence around the disposal packages; Andra has therefore been able to usethis option to examine an alternative to irradiating cells, whilst seeking the simplification of operatingprocesses.In the case of the bitumen B2.1 packages, this type of non-irradiating disposal package, containing60 primary packages (superposed over three levels) weighs in the order of 110 tonnes. It will be4.4 metres long, 3.7 metres wide and 3.9 metres high.4.1.2.2 Comparison of options• Waste disposal package shapeA cylindrical shape has the major disadvantage of leaving fairly large residual voids between thedisposal packages, even when they are in contact with one another. A parallelepipedal shape, however,responds more favourable to concerns over compactness and minimising voids. Regularity inclearance between the packages after emplacement limits the void rate and avoids the need forbackfilling. This assumes that the waste disposal package is a solid object, limiting the internal voidsaround the primary packages.• Material used in the waste disposal packageThe primary waste packages are surrounded by concrete in all the options presented above. This is anideal material for large volume use, given its strength and relatively low density.The question is raised over the interest in adding a metallic envelope, as in the first option above. Thistype of addition is not justified with respect to the mechanical integrity of the package, given thedurability and strength of concrete. Such an option could be effective with respect to the containmentof gaseous radionuclides released by some primary packages; a leaktight seal for the primary containerwould appear simpler, however.Note that the alkaline environment produced by concrete seems overall favourable to limiting therelease of radionuclides into the geological medium. This assumes nevertheless limiting the pH to 12.5to remain within the validity domain of the models describing the release. In addition, the concreteformulation should limit the amount of water and organic matter contained in the concrete, particularlywith respect to the radiolysis mechanism and resultant gas production (hydrogen).• Dimensions and weightLarge containers offer several advantages. The number of objects requiring handling underground canbe reduced and transfer flows in the cell minimised. In addition, as these packages are not stacked inthe cell, the overhead clearance remains low during handling operations. There is virtually no risk offalling. Lastly, the incorporation of radiological protection as in the option presented above negates theneed for a transfer transfer cask in the connecting drifts and the installation of a radiological protectionair lock at the cell head.DOSSIER 2005 ARGILE -ARCHITECTURE AND MANAGEMENT OF A GEOLOGICAL DISPOSAL SYSTEM111/495
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Report SeriesTomeArchitectureand ma
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C.RP.ADP.04.00013/495ContentsConten
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C.RP.ADP.04.00015/4955.3.2 Design p
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C.RP.ADP.04.00017/4959.2.3 The tran
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C.RP.ADP.04.00019/495Bibliographic
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C.RP.ADP.04.000111/495Table of illu
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C.RP.ADP.04.000113/495Figure 4.3.8
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C.RP.ADP.04.000115/495Figure 5.3.9F
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C.RP.ADP.04.000117/495Figure 9.2.2
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C.RP.ADP.04.000119/495Figure 10.4.8
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C.RP.ADP.04.000121/495Table 11.6.1T
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1 - The Study Approach1.1 Purpose o
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1 - The Study ApproachFrom 1999 to
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1 - The Study Approach1.4 Structure
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2 - General DescriptionThis chapter
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2 - General DescriptionHLLL waste p
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2 - General DescriptionFor a transi
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2 - General DescriptionIt should al
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2 - General Description2.2.2.2 Safe
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2 - General DescriptionThe protecti
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2 - General DescriptionIt should al
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2 - General DescriptionThis section
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2 - General Descriptionfollowing th
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2 - General Description2.3.2.2 Geoc
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2 - General DescriptionFigure 2.3.5
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2 - General DescriptionIn the Dogge
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2 - General DescriptionFigure 2.4.1
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2 - General Description• A dimens
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2 - General Description2.4.1.2 Desi
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Page 73 and 74: 33High-level long-lived waste3.1 Wa
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Page 105 and 106: 44Waste disposal packages4.1 B disp
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5 - Repository Modules5.1.1.1 Quest
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5 - Repository Modules• Controlli
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5 - Repository ModulesFigure 5.1.1t
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5 - Repository Modules• The geome
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5 - Repository ModulesTable 5.1.1Fu
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5 - Repository ModulesFigure 5.1.9D
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5 - Repository Modules5.1.3.2 Detai
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5 - Repository Modules• Arrangeme
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5 - Repository ModulesAlthough this
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5 - Repository ModulesConnection be
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5 - Repository ModulesFurthermore,
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5 - Repository ModulesTo illustrate
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5 - Repository Modules• The acces
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5 - Repository ModulesFigure 5.1.24
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5 - Repository Modules• Limiting
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5 - Repository Modules5.2.2 Design
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5 - Repository ModulesA concept wit
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5 - Repository Modules• Orientati
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5 - Repository ModulesFigure 5.2.3O
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5 - Repository Modules5.2.3.1 Descr
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5 - Repository ModulesA minimum ann
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5 - Repository ModulesIn terms of t
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5 - Repository ModulesStorage perio
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5 - Repository ModulesSensitivity t
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5 - Repository ModulesIt must be no
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5 - Repository Modules• Disposal
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5 - Repository Modules• Assembly
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5 - Repository ModulesThe permeabil
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5 - Repository ModulesThe evolution
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5 - Repository ModulesThe lowest dr
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5 - Repository Modules• Back-fill
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5 - Repository Modules5.3.2.1 Sever
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5 - Repository ModulesFigure 5.3.4S
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5 - Repository ModulesThe cells are
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5 - Repository ModulesFinally, it s
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5 - Repository ModulesThe internal
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5 - Repository Modules• Descripti
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5 - Repository Modules- another pos
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66 Overall undergroundarchitecture6
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6 - Overall underground architectur
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7 - The shafts and the driftsThe co
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7 - The shafts and the drifts7.2.2
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7 - The shafts and the driftsFigure
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7 - The shafts and the drifts7.3.3.
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7 - The shafts and the drifts7.4 De
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7 - The shafts and the driftsThe dr
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7 - The shafts and the drifts7.7 Cl
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7 - The shafts and the driftspressu
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88Surface installations8.1 General
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8 - Surface installationsFigure 8.1
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8 - Surface installationsSuch a bui
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8 - Surface installationsApart from
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9 - Nuclear operating resources in
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1010 Reversible repositorymanagemen
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During the operational phase, the d
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Figure 10.1.1Key repository operati
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The radioactive elements can thus b
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Furthermore, equipment and liner ma
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The condition of the access drifts
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The sleeve’s durability is improv
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10.2.2.2 “Post cell-sealing” st
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As far as long-term safety is conce
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Figure 10.2.10Diagrammatic represen
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10.3.1.1 Overview of the principal
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10.3.2.2 Monitoring of type C waste
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The project’s monitoring programm
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• Absence of a significant impact
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Dams are of particular interest whe
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The rate of operation of these sens
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• Water contentThe water content
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A similar wireless transmission tec
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Figure 10.3.9Example of monitoring
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In addition, a visual control syste
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Cell atmosphere monitoring is limit
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The monitoring of the seal can be c
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• The instrumented sections and t
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The deformation measurements carrie
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10.3.9 Observation of spent fuel di
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These instrumented sections (cf. §
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The monitoring equipment embedded i
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the cell which conditions the evolu
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Figure 10.4.2Cell filled with B pac
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Ventilation of a 250-m long cell re
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• Package retrieval processOnce t
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Figure 10.4.10C Cell at end of oper
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The robot is traversed similarly to
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This operation is complete when a b
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The condition of the drift liner sh
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1111 Operational Safety11.1 Evaluat
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11 - Operational SafetyTransport tr
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11 - Operational SafetyTable 11.1.1
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11 - Operational SafetyResultsTable
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11 - Operational SafetyThe risks ar
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11 - Operational SafetyOn the surfa
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11 - Operational Safety“Honeycomb
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11 - Operational SafetyGiven the me
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11 - Operational SafetyThis risk co
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11 - Operational SafetyHydrogen emi
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11 - Operational SafetyOver and abo
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11 - Operational SafetyFigure 11.4.
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11 - Operational SafetyHowever, wit
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11 - Operational Safety11.5.2 Concl
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11 - Operational Safety11.7.1 Asses
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11 - Operational SafetySuch a damag
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11 - Operational Safety11.8.1.2 Dat
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11 - Operational SafetyIn all cases
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1212 Synthesis12.1 Simple and robus
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12 - SynthesisThe existence of unce
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12 - SynthesisTo concretely illustr
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Bibliographic references[17] Callon
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Bibliographic references[54] Andra
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Bibliographic references[88] IAEA (
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Photo Credits:ANDRA - AREVA CREATIV
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