Architecture and management of a geological repository - Andra

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10.5 ConclusionThe possibility to manage the disposal process in a reversible manner results firstly from the stabilityof the repository structures designed to last maintenance-free over very long periods of time.The choice of durable wall liners provides the operator, over a period of several centuries and as longas the closing process has not started, with the opportunity to readily retrieve the packages usingresources identical or similar to those used for installation. Under these circonstances, management ofthe packages is carried out under storage-like conditions. The stability of connecting structures –shafts or drifts – does not imply time limits at this phase because these structures, unlike the disposalcells, can be maintained on a regular basis. Thus, the repository may be kept in a totally reversiblestate, as long as the disposal cells are intact, i.e. for a period of two or three centuries and maybe more.Additionally, the modular design of underground architecture allows a progressive implementation ofthe disposal process, as pertains to the emplacement of waste disposal packages in their disposal cells,as well as to the closure of repository structure. The first stage of emplacing waste disposal packagesinto disposal cells initially only concerns a fraction of the waste inventory. As far as closure isconcerned, the progressive approach to a disposal process translates into a succession of stages. Eachstage is preceded by a decision-making milestone which only concerns the contents of the upcomingstage. Thus, the first stage of the closing process only concerned the sealing of the cells of certainmodules, with the other architecture components remaining accessible and maintained.In addition to this gradual development, observation methods implemented as early as the constructionof the structures allow to keep track of their evolution and more accurately assess how long they willremain stable after one century of existence. Repository observation and surveillance are toolssupporting disposal management. The decisions to be made when moving from one stage to the nextare based on the scientific understanding of the structures and their environments.Progressive closure of underground facilities leads to a progressive reduction of the reversibility level.At the same time, this progressively precludes the need for human intervention, given the passivesafety objective. However, a package retrieval operation remains technically possible after sealing thecells and backfilling the tunnels. The removal of the backfilling materials is not technicallychallenging and the maintained integrity of the cells for several centuries would facilitate the retrievaloperation proper.Lastly, it is also important to point out that a progressive disposal process provides the opportunity tobenefit from the feedback of the initial process phases and improve, accordingly, the design of therepository structures as well as construction, operating and closing equipment and processes.Particularly, the possible coexistence of cells, drifts or modules in different reversibility statesprovides for different management scenarios and allows to test a variety of configurations, wherebythe overall flexibility can be reinforced.DOSSIER 2005 ARGILE -ARCHITECTURE AND MANAGEMENT OF A GEOLOGICAL DISPOSAL SYSTEM434/495
1111 Operational Safety11.1 Evaluation of the dosimetry with the installations in operation................................43611.2 Risk analysis...................................................................................................................44211.3 Study of the risk associated with the emission of explosive gases from someB waste packages............................................................................................................45411.4 Study into the fire hazard in underground installations............................................45611.5 Study of the consequences of a fire in a vehicle transporting the transfertransfer casks (B, C and CU) ........................................................................................46411.6 Study of the consequences of a fire on the emplacement vehicle (fork lift)of B waste disposal packages.........................................................................................46911.7 Study of the consequences of a cage fall during the transfer of the disposalpackage in a shaft...........................................................................................................47111.8 Study of the consequences of a B waste disposal package falling during itsemplacement in disposal cells .......................................................................................47711.9 Synthesis of the analysis ................................................................................................482Note: the text in this chapter is identical to that in Chapter 4 of the “Safety assessment of a geological repository” volumeDOSSIER 2005 ARGILE -ARCHITECTURE AND MANAGEMENT OF A GEOLOGICAL DISPOSAL SYSTEM435/495
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Report SeriesTomeArchitectureand ma
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C.RP.ADP.04.00013/495ContentsConten
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C.RP.ADP.04.00015/4955.3.2 Design p
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C.RP.ADP.04.00017/4959.2.3 The tran
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C.RP.ADP.04.00019/495Bibliographic
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C.RP.ADP.04.000111/495Table of illu
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C.RP.ADP.04.000113/495Figure 4.3.8
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C.RP.ADP.04.000115/495Figure 5.3.9F
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C.RP.ADP.04.000117/495Figure 9.2.2
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C.RP.ADP.04.000119/495Figure 10.4.8
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C.RP.ADP.04.000121/495Table 11.6.1T
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1 - The Study Approach1.1 Purpose o
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1 - The Study ApproachFrom 1999 to
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1 - The Study Approach1.4 Structure
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2 - General DescriptionThis chapter
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2 - General DescriptionHLLL waste p
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2 - General DescriptionFor a transi
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2 - General DescriptionIt should al
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2 - General Description2.2.2.2 Safe
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2 - General DescriptionThe protecti
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2 - General DescriptionIt should al
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2 - General DescriptionThis section
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2 - General Descriptionfollowing th
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2 - General Description2.3.2.2 Geoc
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2 - General DescriptionFigure 2.3.5
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2 - General DescriptionIn the Dogge
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2 - General Description• A dimens
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2 - General Description2.4.1.2 Desi
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2 - General Description- some conne
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2 - General DescriptionAs for the w
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2 - General DescriptionThe figure b
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33High-level long-lived waste3.1 Wa
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteRese
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3 - High Level Long-Lived Wastesupp
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteThe
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteFigu
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteA fi
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteA se
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteVitr
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteCond
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteDist
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3 - High Level Long-Lived Waste3.3.
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteTabl
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44Waste disposal packages4.1 B disp
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesFor empl
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4 - Waste disposal Packages• Safe
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4 - Waste disposal Packages• "Par
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesThe prin
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesThe seco
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesFigure 4
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4 - Waste disposal Packages4.1.5 Th
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4 - Waste disposal Packages4.1.5.7
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesIn the c
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesFinally,
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesThe YAG
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesIn the U
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesThe spee
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4 - Waste disposal Packages4.2.4 Ma
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesLoadSlid
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4 - Waste disposal Packages4.3 Spen
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesThe seco
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesFor both
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4 - Waste disposal Packages• Safe
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesAs for C
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesMelted c
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55Repository modules.5.1 B waste re
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5 - Repository Modules5.1.1.1 Quest
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5 - Repository Modules• Controlli
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5 - Repository ModulesFigure 5.1.1t
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5 - Repository Modules• The geome
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5 - Repository ModulesTable 5.1.1Fu
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5 - Repository ModulesFigure 5.1.9D
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5 - Repository Modules5.1.3.2 Detai
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5 - Repository Modules• Arrangeme
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5 - Repository ModulesAlthough this
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5 - Repository ModulesConnection be
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5 - Repository ModulesFurthermore,
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5 - Repository ModulesTo illustrate
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5 - Repository Modules• The acces
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5 - Repository ModulesFigure 5.1.24
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5 - Repository Modules• Limiting
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5 - Repository Modules5.2.2 Design
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5 - Repository ModulesA concept wit
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5 - Repository Modules• Orientati
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5 - Repository ModulesFigure 5.2.3O
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5 - Repository Modules5.2.3.1 Descr
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5 - Repository ModulesA minimum ann
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5 - Repository ModulesIn terms of t
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5 - Repository ModulesStorage perio
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5 - Repository ModulesSensitivity t
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5 - Repository ModulesIt must be no
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5 - Repository Modules• Disposal
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5 - Repository Modules• Assembly
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5 - Repository ModulesThe permeabil
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5 - Repository ModulesThe evolution
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5 - Repository ModulesThe lowest dr
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5 - Repository Modules• Back-fill
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5 - Repository Modules5.3.2.1 Sever
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5 - Repository ModulesFigure 5.3.4S
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5 - Repository ModulesThe cells are
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5 - Repository ModulesFinally, it s
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5 - Repository ModulesThe internal
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5 - Repository Modules• Descripti
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5 - Repository Modules- another pos
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66 Overall undergroundarchitecture6
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6 - Overall underground architectur
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7 - The shafts and the driftsThe co
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7 - The shafts and the drifts7.2.2
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7 - The shafts and the driftsFigure
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7 - The shafts and the drifts7.3.3.
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7 - The shafts and the drifts7.4 De
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7 - The shafts and the driftsThe dr
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7 - The shafts and the drifts7.7 Cl
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7 - The shafts and the driftspressu
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88Surface installations8.1 General
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8 - Surface installationsFigure 8.1
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8 - Surface installationsSuch a bui
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8 - Surface installationsApart from
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9 - Nuclear operating resources in
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1010 Reversible repositorymanagemen
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During the operational phase, the d
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Figure 10.1.1Key repository operati
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The radioactive elements can thus b
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Furthermore, equipment and liner ma
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The condition of the access drifts
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The sleeve’s durability is improv
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10.2.2.2 “Post cell-sealing” st
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As far as long-term safety is conce
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Page 439 and 440: 11 - Operational SafetyTable 11.1.1
Page 441 and 442: 11 - Operational SafetyResultsTable
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Page 483 and 484: 1212 Synthesis12.1 Simple and robus
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12 - SynthesisThe existence of unce
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12 - SynthesisTo concretely illustr
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Bibliographic references[17] Callon
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Bibliographic references[54] Andra
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Bibliographic references[88] IAEA (
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Photo Credits:ANDRA - AREVA CREATIV
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