Architecture and management of a geological repository - Andra

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3 – High Level Long-Lived WasteFigure 3.2.16PIVER containersThese are low-capacity packages (39 or 45 litres depending on the type of container) containing glassweighing between 20 and 120 kilograms. An average weight of 72 kilograms of vitrified waste perpackage has been adopted for the study, with a total average weight of 90 kilograms for a full package(vitrified waste + container).The radiological activity of the packages has decreased considerably given their date of production. Itcontinues to be dominated by two medium-life fission products - strontium-90 ( 90 Sr) and cesium-137( 137 Cs). These generate residual thermal release, currently on the order of about thirty watts perpackage. The equivalent β-γ dose rate in pseudo-contact (5 cm) with the package is around 70 Sv/h,becoming around 45 Sv/h by 2025.The UMo glass waste packages correspond to future conditioning of solutions of existing fissionproducts; these are produced by NUGG fuels recovered in the COGEMA UP2-400 plant at La Hague.The chemical nature of the solutions requires a specific glass to be formulated and modifications toprocess equipment, particularly the vitrification furnace. Following the hypotheses adopted, theaverage weight of the conditioned waste is 400 kilograms per package. Strontium-90 and cesium-137also play an important role here in the radiological activity of the packages, although this hasdecreased tremendously given the age of the solutions. Subsequently, the residual thermal release iscurrently around 70 watts per package. The equivalent β-γ dose rate in pseudo-contact (5 cm) with thepackage is around 15 Sv/h, becoming around 10 Sv/h by 2025.This waste will be conditioned in a stainless steel container identical to the one used today in theCOGEMA R7 and T7 vitrification shops at La Hague.Figure 3.2.17 illustrates this container, called theStandard Vitrified Waste Container (CSD-V).DOSSIER 2005 ARGILE -ARCHITECTURE AND MANAGEMENT OF A GEOLOGICAL DISPOSAL SYSTEM92/495
3 – High Level Long-Lived WasteFigure 3.2.17Standard Vitrified Waste Container (CSD-V)The AVM glass waste packages group all the vitrified waste produced since 1978 in the COGEMAvitrification shop at Marcoule. As indicated above, the vitrified solutions come in the main fromreprocess NUGG in the site's UP1 plant. Note that four different glass formulations exist for one ormore vitrification campaigns.The vitrified waste is conditioned in a stainless steel container illustrated in Figure 3.2.18.Figure 3.2.18AVM vitrified waste containersThe average weight of each package is 410 kilograms, including 360 kilograms of vitrified waste. Thepackages' heat rating comes principally from medium-lived fission products, 90 Sr et 137 Cs. A heatrating of 155 watts by 2025 has been adopted for the study. Note that this heat rating is higher than forthe previous packages; it is nevertheless significantly less than those of the C packages presentedbelow. The equivalent β-γ dose rate in pseudo-contact (5 cm) with the package, around 235 Sv/h, willbe around 150 Sv/h by 2025.DOSSIER 2005 ARGILE -ARCHITECTURE AND MANAGEMENT OF A GEOLOGICAL DISPOSAL SYSTEM93/495
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Report SeriesTomeArchitectureand ma
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C.RP.ADP.04.00013/495ContentsConten
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C.RP.ADP.04.00015/4955.3.2 Design p
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C.RP.ADP.04.00017/4959.2.3 The tran
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C.RP.ADP.04.00019/495Bibliographic
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C.RP.ADP.04.000111/495Table of illu
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C.RP.ADP.04.000113/495Figure 4.3.8
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C.RP.ADP.04.000115/495Figure 5.3.9F
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C.RP.ADP.04.000117/495Figure 9.2.2
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C.RP.ADP.04.000119/495Figure 10.4.8
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C.RP.ADP.04.000121/495Table 11.6.1T
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1 - The Study Approach1.1 Purpose o
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1 - The Study ApproachFrom 1999 to
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1 - The Study Approach1.4 Structure
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2 - General DescriptionThis chapter
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2 - General DescriptionHLLL waste p
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2 - General DescriptionFor a transi
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2 - General DescriptionIt should al
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2 - General Description2.2.2.2 Safe
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2 - General DescriptionThe protecti
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Page 105 and 106: 44Waste disposal packages4.1 B disp
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesLoadSlid
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4 - Waste disposal Packages4.3 Spen
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesThe seco
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4 - Waste disposal Packages4.3.3.1
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesFor both
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4 - Waste disposal Packages• Safe
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesAs for C
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesMelted c
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55Repository modules.5.1 B waste re
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5 - Repository Modules5.1.1.1 Quest
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5 - Repository Modules• Controlli
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5 - Repository ModulesFigure 5.1.1t
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5 - Repository Modules• The geome
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5 - Repository ModulesTable 5.1.1Fu
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5 - Repository ModulesFigure 5.1.9D
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5 - Repository Modules5.1.3.2 Detai
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5 - Repository Modules• Arrangeme
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5 - Repository ModulesAlthough this
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5 - Repository ModulesConnection be
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5 - Repository ModulesFurthermore,
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5 - Repository ModulesTo illustrate
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5 - Repository Modules• The acces
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5 - Repository ModulesFigure 5.1.24
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5 - Repository Modules• Limiting
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5 - Repository Modules5.2.2 Design
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5 - Repository ModulesA concept wit
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5 - Repository Modules• Orientati
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5 - Repository ModulesFigure 5.2.3O
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5 - Repository Modules5.2.3.1 Descr
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5 - Repository ModulesA minimum ann
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5 - Repository ModulesIn terms of t
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5 - Repository ModulesStorage perio
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5 - Repository ModulesSensitivity t
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5 - Repository ModulesIt must be no
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5 - Repository Modules• Disposal
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5 - Repository Modules• Assembly
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5 - Repository ModulesThe permeabil
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5 - Repository ModulesThe evolution
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5 - Repository ModulesThe lowest dr
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5 - Repository Modules• Back-fill
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5 - Repository Modules5.3.2.1 Sever
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5 - Repository ModulesFigure 5.3.4S
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5 - Repository ModulesThe cells are
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5 - Repository ModulesFinally, it s
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5 - Repository ModulesThe internal
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5 - Repository Modules• Descripti
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5 - Repository Modules- another pos
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66 Overall undergroundarchitecture6
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6 - Overall underground architectur
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7 - The shafts and the driftsThe co
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7 - The shafts and the drifts7.2.2
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7 - The shafts and the driftsFigure
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7 - The shafts and the drifts7.3.3.
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7 - The shafts and the drifts7.4 De
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7 - The shafts and the driftsThe dr
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7 - The shafts and the drifts7.7 Cl
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7 - The shafts and the driftspressu
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88Surface installations8.1 General
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8 - Surface installationsFigure 8.1
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8 - Surface installationsSuch a bui
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8 - Surface installationsApart from
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9 - Nuclear operating resources in
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1010 Reversible repositorymanagemen
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During the operational phase, the d
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Figure 10.1.1Key repository operati
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The radioactive elements can thus b
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Furthermore, equipment and liner ma
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The condition of the access drifts
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The sleeve’s durability is improv
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10.2.2.2 “Post cell-sealing” st
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As far as long-term safety is conce
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Figure 10.2.10Diagrammatic represen
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10.3.1.1 Overview of the principal
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10.3.2.2 Monitoring of type C waste
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The project’s monitoring programm
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• Absence of a significant impact
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Dams are of particular interest whe
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The rate of operation of these sens
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• Water contentThe water content
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A similar wireless transmission tec
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Figure 10.3.9Example of monitoring
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In addition, a visual control syste
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Cell atmosphere monitoring is limit
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The monitoring of the seal can be c
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• The instrumented sections and t
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The deformation measurements carrie
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10.3.9 Observation of spent fuel di
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These instrumented sections (cf. §
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The monitoring equipment embedded i
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the cell which conditions the evolu
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Figure 10.4.2Cell filled with B pac
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Ventilation of a 250-m long cell re
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• Package retrieval processOnce t
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Figure 10.4.10C Cell at end of oper
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The robot is traversed similarly to
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This operation is complete when a b
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The condition of the drift liner sh
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1111 Operational Safety11.1 Evaluat
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11 - Operational SafetyTransport tr
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11 - Operational SafetyTable 11.1.1
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11 - Operational SafetyResultsTable
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11 - Operational SafetyThe risks ar
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11 - Operational SafetyOn the surfa
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11 - Operational Safety“Honeycomb
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11 - Operational SafetyGiven the me
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11 - Operational SafetyThis risk co
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11 - Operational SafetyHydrogen emi
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11 - Operational SafetyOver and abo
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11 - Operational SafetyFigure 11.4.
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11 - Operational SafetyHowever, wit
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11 - Operational Safety11.5.2 Concl
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11 - Operational Safety11.7.1 Asses
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11 - Operational SafetySuch a damag
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11 - Operational Safety11.8.1.2 Dat
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11 - Operational SafetyIn all cases
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1212 Synthesis12.1 Simple and robus
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12 - SynthesisThe existence of unce
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12 - SynthesisTo concretely illustr
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Bibliographic references[17] Callon
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Bibliographic references[54] Andra
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Bibliographic references[88] IAEA (
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Photo Credits:ANDRA - AREVA CREATIV
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Architecture and management of a geological repository - Andra

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