Architecture and management of a geological repository - Andra

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5 – Repository ModulesFigure 5.2.2C waste disposal cell: main components and associated functions (at top, cell inoperation, at bottom, sealed cell)DOSSIER 2005 ARGILE -ARCHITECTURE AND MANAGEMENT OF A GEOLOGICAL DISPOSAL SYSTEM196/495
5 – Repository Modules• Orientation of cells and architecture of the disposal zoneThe cells are oriented parallel to the major horizontal stress. This configuration leads to an isotropicstress field in a plane perpendicular to the main axis of the cell and thus helps minimise mechanicaldisturbance of the rock around the cell (no fractured zone created around the cell at a depth of 500 m).The disposal cells are grouped into modules. A disposal module consists of several tens to severalhundreds of cells (depending on the type of waste) served by three interconnected and parallel accessdrifts (see Figure 5.2.17).• The sleeveThe cell contains a low-alloy steel metal sleeve. This solution was considered to meet three mainrequirements: the sleeve mechanically supports the cell for emplacement of the packages; it mitigatesin favour of reversibility by ensuring long-term preservation of the internal functional clearances forup to several centuries; in chemical terms, it is compatible with the disposal packages.The sleeve comprises two parts: a permanent sleeve is placed in the useful part in which the packagesare to be emplaced, and a temporary sleeve is placed on the cell head and is then removed when thecell is sealed.• The plugThe cells are sealed by a swelling clay plug installed in the cell head. This plug, together with theargilite, constitutes a low-permeability continuous medium: it thus provides hydraulic and physicalchemicalclosure of the cell.The clay plug is located outside the damaged zone of the access drift. It is mechanically confined by aconcrete retaining plug which limits volumetric expansion of the clay while it is resaturating. A lengthof 3 m was considered for the swelling clay plug. This length was chosen for reasons of robustness:aspect ratio higher than one and relaxation compatible with maintaining a minimum swelling pressure(this point is examined in detail in § 5.2.6.2). This is sufficient given the extension of the alkalinedisturbance caused by the neighbouring concrete (in the retaining plug and the drift sleeve): the studyof alkaline disturbance propagation led to an estimate of this extension in the clay plug of about 0.6 mafter 100,000 years and 1.8 m after one million years.• The spacersInside the cell, C1 to C4 disposal packages are separated by spacers. A spacer consists of a metalenvelope containing a material chemically compatible with the vitrified waste (glass frit, silica, etc.).The presence of spacers creates thermal separation between the packages. It reduces the mean thermalflux density applied to the sleeve and avoids temperature peaks at the packages by ensuring greaterthermal uniformity. This arrangement enables the number of packages per cell to be increased withoutincreasing the thermal peak value. It thus enables the number of disposal cells to be reduced bymaking them longer (in relation to a configuration in which the packages are placed end to end in shortcells). It thus makes the repository more compact.In the case of type C0 waste, spacers are not needed owing to the moderate heat rating.• Summary of requirements and solutions adoptedThe various cell components described above, and their associated functions, are summarised in Table5.2.1 [7] [22].DOSSIER 2005 ARGILE -ARCHITECTURE AND MANAGEMENT OF A GEOLOGICAL DISPOSAL SYSTEM197/495
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Report SeriesTomeArchitectureand ma
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C.RP.ADP.04.00013/495ContentsConten
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C.RP.ADP.04.00015/4955.3.2 Design p
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C.RP.ADP.04.00017/4959.2.3 The tran
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C.RP.ADP.04.00019/495Bibliographic
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C.RP.ADP.04.000111/495Table of illu
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C.RP.ADP.04.000113/495Figure 4.3.8
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C.RP.ADP.04.000115/495Figure 5.3.9F
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C.RP.ADP.04.000117/495Figure 9.2.2
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C.RP.ADP.04.000119/495Figure 10.4.8
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C.RP.ADP.04.000121/495Table 11.6.1T
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1 - The Study Approach1.1 Purpose o
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1 - The Study ApproachFrom 1999 to
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1 - The Study Approach1.4 Structure
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2 - General DescriptionThis chapter
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2 - General DescriptionHLLL waste p
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2 - General DescriptionFor a transi
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2 - General DescriptionIt should al
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2 - General Description2.2.2.2 Safe
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2 - General DescriptionThe protecti
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2 - General DescriptionIt should al
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2 - General DescriptionThis section
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2 - General Descriptionfollowing th
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2 - General Description2.3.2.2 Geoc
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2 - General DescriptionFigure 2.3.5
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2 - General DescriptionIn the Dogge
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2 - General Description• A dimens
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2 - General Description2.4.1.2 Desi
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2 - General Description- some conne
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2 - General DescriptionAs for the w
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2 - General DescriptionThe figure b
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33High-level long-lived waste3.1 Wa
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteRese
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3 - High Level Long-Lived Wastesupp
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteThe
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteFigu
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteA fi
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteA se
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteVitr
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteCond
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteDist
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3 - High Level Long-Lived Waste3.3.
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteTabl
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44Waste disposal packages4.1 B disp
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesFor empl
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4 - Waste disposal Packages• Safe
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4 - Waste disposal Packages• "Par
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesThe prin
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesThe seco
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesFigure 4
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4 - Waste disposal Packages4.1.5 Th
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4 - Waste disposal Packages4.1.5.7
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesIn the c
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesFinally,
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesThe YAG
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesIn the U
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4 - Waste disposal Packages4.2.3.2
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesThe spee
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4 - Waste disposal Packages4.2.4 Ma
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesLoadSlid
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4 - Waste disposal Packages4.3 Spen
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5 - Repository ModulesFigure 5.3.17
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5 - Repository Modules- another pos
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66 Overall undergroundarchitecture6
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6 - Overall underground architectur
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7 - The shafts and the driftsThe co
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7 - The shafts and the drifts7.2.2
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7 - The shafts and the driftsFigure
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7 - The shafts and the drifts7.3.3.
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7 - The shafts and the drifts7.4 De
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7 - The shafts and the driftsThe dr
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7 - The shafts and the drifts7.7 Cl
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7 - The shafts and the driftspressu
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88Surface installations8.1 General
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8 - Surface installationsFigure 8.1
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8 - Surface installationsSuch a bui
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8 - Surface installationsApart from
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9 - Nuclear operating resources in
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1010 Reversible repositorymanagemen
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During the operational phase, the d
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Figure 10.1.1Key repository operati
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The radioactive elements can thus b
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Furthermore, equipment and liner ma
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The condition of the access drifts
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The sleeve’s durability is improv
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10.2.2.2 “Post cell-sealing” st
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As far as long-term safety is conce
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Figure 10.2.10Diagrammatic represen
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10.3.1.1 Overview of the principal
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10.3.2.2 Monitoring of type C waste
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The project’s monitoring programm
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• Absence of a significant impact
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Dams are of particular interest whe
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The rate of operation of these sens
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• Water contentThe water content
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A similar wireless transmission tec
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Figure 10.3.9Example of monitoring
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In addition, a visual control syste
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Cell atmosphere monitoring is limit
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The monitoring of the seal can be c
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• The instrumented sections and t
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The deformation measurements carrie
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10.3.9 Observation of spent fuel di
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These instrumented sections (cf. §
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The monitoring equipment embedded i
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the cell which conditions the evolu
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Figure 10.4.2Cell filled with B pac
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Ventilation of a 250-m long cell re
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• Package retrieval processOnce t
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Figure 10.4.10C Cell at end of oper
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The robot is traversed similarly to
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This operation is complete when a b
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The condition of the drift liner sh
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1111 Operational Safety11.1 Evaluat
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11 - Operational SafetyTransport tr
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11 - Operational SafetyTable 11.1.1
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11 - Operational SafetyResultsTable
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11 - Operational SafetyThe risks ar
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11 - Operational SafetyOn the surfa
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11 - Operational Safety“Honeycomb
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11 - Operational SafetyGiven the me
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11 - Operational SafetyThis risk co
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11 - Operational SafetyHydrogen emi
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11 - Operational SafetyOver and abo
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11 - Operational SafetyFigure 11.4.
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11 - Operational SafetyHowever, wit
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11 - Operational Safety11.5.2 Concl
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11 - Operational Safety11.7.1 Asses
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11 - Operational SafetySuch a damag
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11 - Operational Safety11.8.1.2 Dat
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11 - Operational SafetyIn all cases
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1212 Synthesis12.1 Simple and robus
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12 - SynthesisThe existence of unce
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12 - SynthesisTo concretely illustr
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Bibliographic references[17] Callon
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Bibliographic references[54] Andra
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Bibliographic references[88] IAEA (
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Photo Credits:ANDRA - AREVA CREATIV
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