Architecture and management of a geological repository - Andra

More documents

Recommendations

Info

5 – Repository Modules5.3.2.2 Comparison of possible solutions and justification of choice• Comparison with or without swelling clay bufferFollowing the deterioration of the spent fuel container, the control of the release of radioactivenuclides essentially depends on the existence of a diffusive barrier around the package and on thephysico-chemical characteristics of the components of the spent fuel (uranium oxide pellets andstructures). Furthermore, when compared with type C waste, the decrease in thermal activity of spentfuel is slower due to actinides present in large quantities. In order to guard against thermo-hydromechanical(THM) effects on the argilites over periods in excess of 1 000 years, it has been consideredpreferable to resort to the use of a clay engineered barrier 93 . This provides resistance to possibledamage associated with these long-term THM effects Its plasticity allows it to repair its own fissuring.Studies have in fact shown that, after a thermal phase, it regains its plasticity, swelling properties andlow permeability.• Comparison between “horizontal” and “vertical” cellsAs for type C waste, a comparison between the horizontal and vertical configurations has led topreference being given to the horizontal configuration. It offers the possibility of optimising thermaldimensioning and reducing the excavated volume.• Comparison between “disposal cells” and “disposal drifts”The “disposal cell” option consists of selecting a diameter appropriate to that of the disposal package;the “disposal drift” option has additional space for handling and ventilation. As for type C waste, thedisposal cell is the preferred option. The disposal drift is in fact penalised by the requirement for asignificantly larger excavated volume. Furthermore, the capability to ventilate that it offers is validonly during the operational phase but not for the post-closing phase (the package heat dissipationtherein is purely passive in nature). Finally, it should be noted that the use of concrete in the vicinity ofspent fuels does not appear favourable at this stage (alkaline pH, risk of increasing the long-termpermeability).5.3.2.3 The solution adoptedThe spent fuel disposal cell has a number of similar features to that of the type C waste cell. The maindifference is the presence of an swelling clay buffer which leads to its diameter being increased (toapproximately 3.3 m for type CU1 waste and to approximately 2.6 m for type CU2).As for waste cells, spacers are used to space the packages for improved heat distribution within therock.The various components of the spent fuel cell and their associated functions are illustrated in thediagram at Figure 5.3.4 and Table 5.3.1.93It has been decided not to use concrete as the engineered barrier material for two reasons: its permeability and the alkaline pH that itinduces Its permeability cannot be reduced to that of swelling clay and cannot be maintained at its initial level due to the deterioration ofthe material (of chemical or thermal origin). The concrete gives its immediate vicinity an alkaline pH; it would be outside the validityrange of the spent fuel dissolving model currently available (pH 6 to 12).DOSSIER 2005 ARGILE -ARCHITECTURE AND MANAGEMENT OF A GEOLOGICAL DISPOSAL SYSTEM232/495
5 – Repository ModulesFigure 5.3.4Spent fuel cell : principal componentsDOSSIER 2005 ARGILE -ARCHITECTURE AND MANAGEMENT OF A GEOLOGICAL DISPOSAL SYSTEM233/495
Page 1 and 2:
Report SeriesTomeArchitectureand ma
Page 3 and 4:
C.RP.ADP.04.00013/495ContentsConten
Page 5 and 6:
C.RP.ADP.04.00015/4955.3.2 Design p
Page 7 and 8:
C.RP.ADP.04.00017/4959.2.3 The tran
Page 9 and 10:
C.RP.ADP.04.00019/495Bibliographic
Page 11 and 12:
C.RP.ADP.04.000111/495Table of illu
Page 13 and 14:
C.RP.ADP.04.000113/495Figure 4.3.8
Page 15 and 16:
C.RP.ADP.04.000115/495Figure 5.3.9F
Page 17 and 18:
C.RP.ADP.04.000117/495Figure 9.2.2
Page 19 and 20:
C.RP.ADP.04.000119/495Figure 10.4.8
Page 21:
C.RP.ADP.04.000121/495Table 11.6.1T
Page 24 and 25:
1 - The Study Approach1.1 Purpose o
Page 26 and 27:
1 - The Study ApproachFrom 1999 to
Page 28 and 29:
1 - The Study Approach1.4 Structure
Page 30 and 31:
2 - General DescriptionThis chapter
Page 32 and 33:
2 - General DescriptionHLLL waste p
Page 34 and 35:
2 - General DescriptionFor a transi
Page 36 and 37:
2 - General DescriptionIt should al
Page 38 and 39:
2 - General Description2.2.2.2 Safe
Page 40 and 41:
2 - General DescriptionThe protecti
Page 42 and 43:
2 - General DescriptionIt should al
Page 44 and 45:
2 - General DescriptionThis section
Page 46 and 47:
2 - General Descriptionfollowing th
Page 48 and 49:
2 - General Description2.3.2.2 Geoc
Page 50 and 51:
2 - General DescriptionFigure 2.3.5
Page 52 and 53:
2 - General DescriptionIn the Dogge
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
2 - General Description• A dimens
Page 58 and 59:
2 - General Description2.4.1.2 Desi
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
2 - General Description- some conne
Page 68 and 69:
2 - General DescriptionAs for the w
Page 70 and 71:
2 - General DescriptionThe figure b
Page 73 and 74:
33High-level long-lived waste3.1 Wa
Page 75 and 76:
3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteRese
Page 77 and 78:
3 - High Level Long-Lived Wastesupp
Page 79 and 80:
3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteThe
Page 81 and 82:
3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteFigu
Page 83 and 84:
3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteA fi
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteA se
Page 91 and 92:
3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteVitr
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteCond
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteDist
Page 101 and 102:
3 - High Level Long-Lived Waste3.3.
Page 103 and 104:
3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteTabl
Page 105 and 106:
44Waste disposal packages4.1 B disp
Page 107 and 108:
4 - Waste disposal PackagesFor empl
Page 109 and 110:
4 - Waste disposal Packages• Safe
Page 111 and 112:
4 - Waste disposal Packages• "Par
Page 113 and 114:
4 - Waste disposal PackagesThe prin
Page 115 and 116:
4 - Waste disposal PackagesThe seco
Page 117 and 118:
4 - Waste disposal PackagesFigure 4
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121:
4 - Waste disposal Packages4.1.5 Th
Page 124 and 125:
4 - Waste disposal Packages4.1.5.7
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
4 - Waste disposal PackagesIn the c
Page 130 and 131:
4 - Waste disposal PackagesFinally,
Page 132 and 133:
4 - Waste disposal PackagesThe YAG
Page 134 and 135:
4 - Waste disposal PackagesIn the U
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
4 - Waste disposal PackagesThe spee
Page 140 and 141:
4 - Waste disposal Packages4.2.4 Ma
Page 142 and 143:
4 - Waste disposal PackagesLoadSlid
Page 144 and 145:
4 - Waste disposal Packages4.3 Spen
Page 146 and 147:
4 - Waste disposal PackagesThe seco
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
4 - Waste disposal PackagesFor both
Page 152 and 153:
4 - Waste disposal Packages• Safe
Page 154 and 155:
4 - Waste disposal PackagesAs for C
Page 156 and 157:
4 - Waste disposal PackagesMelted c
Page 159 and 160:
55Repository modules.5.1 B waste re
Page 161 and 162:
5 - Repository Modules5.1.1.1 Quest
Page 163 and 164:
5 - Repository Modules• Controlli
Page 165 and 166:
5 - Repository ModulesFigure 5.1.1t
Page 167 and 168:
5 - Repository Modules• The geome
Page 169 and 170:
5 - Repository ModulesTable 5.1.1Fu
Page 171 and 172:
5 - Repository ModulesFigure 5.1.9D
Page 173 and 174:
5 - Repository Modules5.1.3.2 Detai
Page 175 and 176:
5 - Repository Modules• Arrangeme
Page 177 and 178:
5 - Repository ModulesAlthough this
Page 179 and 180:
5 - Repository ModulesConnection be
Page 181 and 182: 5 - Repository ModulesFurthermore,
Page 183 and 184: 5 - Repository ModulesTo illustrate
Page 185 and 186: 5 - Repository Modules• The acces
Page 187 and 188: 5 - Repository ModulesFigure 5.1.24
Page 191 and 192: 5 - Repository Modules• Limiting
Page 193 and 194: 5 - Repository Modules5.2.2 Design
Page 195 and 196: 5 - Repository ModulesA concept wit
Page 197 and 198: 5 - Repository Modules• Orientati
Page 199 and 200: 5 - Repository ModulesFigure 5.2.3O
Page 201 and 202: 5 - Repository Modules5.2.3.1 Descr
Page 203 and 204: 5 - Repository ModulesA minimum ann
Page 205 and 206: 5 - Repository ModulesIn terms of t
Page 207 and 208: 5 - Repository ModulesStorage perio
Page 211 and 212: 5 - Repository ModulesSensitivity t
Page 213 and 214: 5 - Repository ModulesIt must be no
Page 215 and 216: 5 - Repository Modules• Disposal
Page 219 and 220: 5 - Repository Modules• Assembly
Page 223 and 224: 5 - Repository ModulesThe permeabil
Page 225 and 226: 5 - Repository ModulesThe evolution
Page 227 and 228: 5 - Repository ModulesThe lowest dr
Page 229 and 230: 5 - Repository Modules• Back-fill
Page 231: 5 - Repository Modules5.3.2.1 Sever
Page 235 and 236: 5 - Repository ModulesThe cells are
Page 239 and 240: 5 - Repository ModulesFinally, it s
Page 241 and 242: 5 - Repository ModulesThe internal
Page 243 and 244: 5 - Repository Modules• Descripti
Page 249 and 250: 5 - Repository Modules- another pos
Page 251 and 252: 66 Overall undergroundarchitecture6
Page 253 and 254: 6 - Overall underground architectur
Page 283 and 284:
6 - Overall underground architectur
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287:
Page 290 and 291:
7 - The shafts and the driftsThe co
Page 292 and 293:
7 - The shafts and the drifts7.2.2
Page 294 and 295:
7 - The shafts and the driftsFigure
Page 296 and 297:
7 - The shafts and the drifts7.3.3.
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
7 - The shafts and the drifts7.4 De
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304 and 305:
7 - The shafts and the driftsThe dr
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
7 - The shafts and the drifts7.7 Cl
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
7 - The shafts and the driftspressu
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
Page 321 and 322:
88Surface installations8.1 General
Page 323 and 324:
8 - Surface installationsFigure 8.1
Page 325 and 326:
8 - Surface installationsSuch a bui
Page 327:
8 - Surface installationsApart from
Page 330 and 331:
9 - Nuclear operating resources in
Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
Page 346 and 347:
Page 348 and 349:
Page 350 and 351:
Page 352 and 353:
Page 354 and 355:
Page 356 and 357:
Page 358 and 359:
Page 360 and 361:
Page 362 and 363:
Page 365 and 366:
1010 Reversible repositorymanagemen
Page 367 and 368:
During the operational phase, the d
Page 369 and 370:
Figure 10.1.1Key repository operati
Page 371 and 372:
The radioactive elements can thus b
Page 373 and 374:
Furthermore, equipment and liner ma
Page 375 and 376:
The condition of the access drifts
Page 377 and 378:
The sleeve’s durability is improv
Page 379 and 380:
10.2.2.2 “Post cell-sealing” st
Page 381 and 382:
As far as long-term safety is conce
Page 383 and 384:
Figure 10.2.10Diagrammatic represen
Page 385 and 386:
10.3.1.1 Overview of the principal
Page 387 and 388:
10.3.2.2 Monitoring of type C waste
Page 389 and 390:
The project’s monitoring programm
Page 391 and 392:
• Absence of a significant impact
Page 393 and 394:
Dams are of particular interest whe
Page 395 and 396:
The rate of operation of these sens
Page 397 and 398:
• Water contentThe water content
Page 399 and 400:
A similar wireless transmission tec
Page 401 and 402:
Figure 10.3.9Example of monitoring
Page 403 and 404:
In addition, a visual control syste
Page 405 and 406:
Cell atmosphere monitoring is limit
Page 407 and 408:
The monitoring of the seal can be c
Page 409 and 410:
• The instrumented sections and t
Page 411 and 412:
The deformation measurements carrie
Page 413 and 414:
10.3.9 Observation of spent fuel di
Page 415 and 416:
These instrumented sections (cf. §
Page 417 and 418:
The monitoring equipment embedded i
Page 419 and 420:
the cell which conditions the evolu
Page 421 and 422:
Figure 10.4.2Cell filled with B pac
Page 423 and 424:
Ventilation of a 250-m long cell re
Page 425 and 426:
• Package retrieval processOnce t
Page 427 and 428:
Figure 10.4.10C Cell at end of oper
Page 429 and 430:
The robot is traversed similarly to
Page 431 and 432:
This operation is complete when a b
Page 433 and 434:
The condition of the drift liner sh
Page 435 and 436:
1111 Operational Safety11.1 Evaluat
Page 437 and 438:
11 - Operational SafetyTransport tr
Page 439 and 440:
11 - Operational SafetyTable 11.1.1
Page 441 and 442:
11 - Operational SafetyResultsTable
Page 443 and 444:
11 - Operational SafetyThe risks ar
Page 445 and 446:
Page 447 and 448:
11 - Operational SafetyOn the surfa
Page 449 and 450:
11 - Operational Safety“Honeycomb
Page 451 and 452:
11 - Operational SafetyGiven the me
Page 453 and 454:
11 - Operational SafetyThis risk co
Page 455 and 456:
11 - Operational SafetyHydrogen emi
Page 457 and 458:
11 - Operational SafetyOver and abo
Page 459 and 460:
11 - Operational SafetyFigure 11.4.
Page 461 and 462:
Page 463 and 464:
11 - Operational SafetyHowever, wit
Page 465 and 466:
Page 467 and 468:
Page 469 and 470:
11 - Operational Safety11.5.2 Concl
Page 471 and 472:
Page 473 and 474:
11 - Operational Safety11.7.1 Asses
Page 475 and 476:
Page 477 and 478:
11 - Operational SafetySuch a damag
Page 479 and 480:
11 - Operational Safety11.8.1.2 Dat
Page 481 and 482:
11 - Operational SafetyIn all cases
Page 483 and 484:
1212 Synthesis12.1 Simple and robus
Page 485 and 486:
12 - SynthesisThe existence of unce
Page 487:
12 - SynthesisTo concretely illustr
Page 490 and 491:
Bibliographic references[17] Callon
Page 492 and 493:
Bibliographic references[54] Andra
Page 494 and 495:
Bibliographic references[88] IAEA (
Page 496 and 497:
Photo Credits:ANDRA - AREVA CREATIV
show all

Architecture and management of a geological repository - Andra

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?