Architecture and management of a geological repository - Andra

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5 – Repository ModulesFigure 5.1.5B waste disposal cell in operating configurationFigure 5.1.6Sealed B waste disposal cellDOSSIER 2005 ARGILE -ARCHITECTURE AND MANAGEMENT OF A GEOLOGICAL DISPOSAL SYSTEM166/495
5 – Repository Modules• The geometry and orientation of the cellDefining the diameter of the cell body is based on balancing the need for maximum compactness withthe requirement of constructability of the cell within the constraints of the mechanical behaviour of thegeological formation and any residual uncertainties. The first requirement favours a cell that is as largeas possible, while the second would lead to the adoption of a small structure. As stated earlier, adiameter of 10 to 12 m was regarded as a reasonable compromise. This dimension corresponds to thedimensions frequently encountered in road or rail tunnels beneath a thick rock cover, with a hundredyearlifetime, as for example the Chamoise tunnel excavated in a rock similar to the argillites [59].At this stage in the studies, a useful cell length of the order of 250 m has been adopted. This lengthseems to be a reasonable compromise between the compactness of the repository, the flexibility andprogressiveness of repository management, the adaptability of cells to the wide variety of packages,the constraints of handling and the inclusion of the cells in the argillite layer.The cell has a pseudo-circular cross-section and is aligned parallel to the major horizontal stress. Thisconfiguration creates a quasi-isotropic stress state around the body of the cell and the access driftwhere the future seal will be, and minimizes the mechanical disturbances caused during excavation.The dead-end nature of the cell restricts water circulation within the cell in situations where a seal isdefective (cell seal or other seals).Cells are at least five excavated diameters apart, to minimize any mechanical interference betweencells and to ensure the long-term stability of the whole area. It was further confirmed that this cell andrepository zone geometry was compatible with compliance with temperature criteria (30 °C forreference package B2 and 70 °C for other packages), ignoring the favourable effect of ventilation.• Nature of the cell liningThe cell body is basically characterized by a concrete lining. Choosing concrete meets the need formechanical stability in the structure left without maintenance for a period of at least a hundred years,since concrete is a geomaterial, easy to use and stable over the period in question. Its chemicaldegradation (by hydrolysis and carbonation) is slow under repository conditions [48]. The liningconcrete is not reinforced, so that its durability is not dependent on steel corrosion.Moreover, as stated earlier, concrete has a favourable impact regarding the immobilization of certainradionuclides and regarding the corrosion of metal waste.• Form of the cell liningIn order to restrict mechanical deformation of the geological formation in the long term, the residualspace left after package emplacement has to be reduced as much as possible. A conventional solutionfor limiting these spaces would be to fill the cell’s residual spaces with a granular or cement-basedmaterial after package emplacement. However, this solution has a double drawback: it requires anadditional operation complicated by the irradiating nature of the packages and it increases thedifficulty of possible removal of packages, since they would be blocked in by the fill material.The solution adopted takes into account the need to limit the residual spaces and the need to keep apermanent functional clearance for a period of at least a hundred years (to allow reversible repositorymanagement). The principle adopted during construction consists in adding an additional volume ofconcrete to the lining segment 61 for ensuring mechanical stability, in such a way that a disposalchamber of rectangular cross-section is formed, of a size adapted to the form of the package stack. Thetens of centimetre clearances between packages thus meet the two conditions mentioned above. Theseclearances actually produce an inter-package space of less than 5%, with respect to the excavatedsection [57].61Quasi-circular in shapeDOSSIER 2005 ARGILE -ARCHITECTURE AND MANAGEMENT OF A GEOLOGICAL DISPOSAL SYSTEM167/495
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Report SeriesTomeArchitectureand ma
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C.RP.ADP.04.00013/495ContentsConten
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C.RP.ADP.04.00015/4955.3.2 Design p
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C.RP.ADP.04.00017/4959.2.3 The tran
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C.RP.ADP.04.00019/495Bibliographic
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C.RP.ADP.04.000111/495Table of illu
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C.RP.ADP.04.000113/495Figure 4.3.8
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C.RP.ADP.04.000115/495Figure 5.3.9F
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C.RP.ADP.04.000117/495Figure 9.2.2
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C.RP.ADP.04.000119/495Figure 10.4.8
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C.RP.ADP.04.000121/495Table 11.6.1T
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1 - The Study Approach1.1 Purpose o
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1 - The Study ApproachFrom 1999 to
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1 - The Study Approach1.4 Structure
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2 - General DescriptionThis chapter
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2 - General DescriptionHLLL waste p
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2 - General DescriptionFor a transi
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2 - General DescriptionIt should al
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2 - General Description2.2.2.2 Safe
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2 - General DescriptionThe protecti
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2 - General DescriptionIt should al
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2 - General DescriptionThis section
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2 - General Descriptionfollowing th
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2 - General Description2.3.2.2 Geoc
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2 - General DescriptionFigure 2.3.5
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2 - General DescriptionIn the Dogge
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2 - General Description• A dimens
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2 - General Description2.4.1.2 Desi
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2 - General Description- some conne
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2 - General DescriptionAs for the w
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2 - General DescriptionThe figure b
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33High-level long-lived waste3.1 Wa
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteRese
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3 - High Level Long-Lived Wastesupp
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteThe
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteFigu
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteA fi
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteA se
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteVitr
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteCond
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteDist
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3 - High Level Long-Lived Waste3.3.
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteTabl
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44Waste disposal packages4.1 B disp
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesFor empl
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4 - Waste disposal Packages• Safe
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4 - Waste disposal Packages• "Par
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesThe prin
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Page 142 and 143: 4 - Waste disposal PackagesLoadSlid
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Page 163 and 164: 5 - Repository Modules• Controlli
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Page 185 and 186: 5 - Repository Modules• The acces
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Page 191 and 192: 5 - Repository Modules• Limiting
Page 193 and 194: 5 - Repository Modules5.2.2 Design
Page 195 and 196: 5 - Repository ModulesA concept wit
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Page 201 and 202: 5 - Repository Modules5.2.3.1 Descr
Page 203 and 204: 5 - Repository ModulesA minimum ann
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5 - Repository ModulesFigure 5.2.18
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5 - Repository Modules• Assembly
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5 - Repository ModulesThe permeabil
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5 - Repository ModulesThe evolution
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5 - Repository ModulesThe lowest dr
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5 - Repository Modules• Back-fill
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5 - Repository Modules5.3.2.1 Sever
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5 - Repository ModulesFigure 5.3.4S
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5 - Repository ModulesThe cells are
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5 - Repository ModulesFinally, it s
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5 - Repository ModulesThe internal
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5 - Repository Modules• Descripti
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5 - Repository Modules- another pos
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66 Overall undergroundarchitecture6
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6 - Overall underground architectur
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7 - The shafts and the driftsThe co
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7 - The shafts and the drifts7.2.2
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7 - The shafts and the driftsFigure
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7 - The shafts and the drifts7.3.3.
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7 - The shafts and the drifts7.4 De
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7 - The shafts and the driftsThe dr
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7 - The shafts and the drifts7.7 Cl
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7 - The shafts and the driftspressu
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88Surface installations8.1 General
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8 - Surface installationsFigure 8.1
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8 - Surface installationsSuch a bui
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8 - Surface installationsApart from
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9 - Nuclear operating resources in
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1010 Reversible repositorymanagemen
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During the operational phase, the d
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Figure 10.1.1Key repository operati
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The radioactive elements can thus b
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Furthermore, equipment and liner ma
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The condition of the access drifts
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The sleeve’s durability is improv
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10.2.2.2 “Post cell-sealing” st
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As far as long-term safety is conce
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Figure 10.2.10Diagrammatic represen
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10.3.1.1 Overview of the principal
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10.3.2.2 Monitoring of type C waste
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The project’s monitoring programm
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• Absence of a significant impact
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Dams are of particular interest whe
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The rate of operation of these sens
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• Water contentThe water content
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A similar wireless transmission tec
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Figure 10.3.9Example of monitoring
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In addition, a visual control syste
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Cell atmosphere monitoring is limit
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The monitoring of the seal can be c
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• The instrumented sections and t
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The deformation measurements carrie
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10.3.9 Observation of spent fuel di
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These instrumented sections (cf. §
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The monitoring equipment embedded i
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the cell which conditions the evolu
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Figure 10.4.2Cell filled with B pac
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Ventilation of a 250-m long cell re
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• Package retrieval processOnce t
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Figure 10.4.10C Cell at end of oper
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The robot is traversed similarly to
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This operation is complete when a b
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The condition of the drift liner sh
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1111 Operational Safety11.1 Evaluat
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11 - Operational SafetyTransport tr
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11 - Operational SafetyTable 11.1.1
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11 - Operational SafetyResultsTable
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11 - Operational SafetyThe risks ar
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11 - Operational SafetyOn the surfa
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11 - Operational Safety“Honeycomb
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11 - Operational SafetyGiven the me
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11 - Operational SafetyThis risk co
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11 - Operational SafetyHydrogen emi
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11 - Operational SafetyOver and abo
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11 - Operational SafetyFigure 11.4.
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11 - Operational SafetyHowever, wit
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11 - Operational Safety11.5.2 Concl
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11 - Operational Safety11.7.1 Asses
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11 - Operational SafetySuch a damag
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11 - Operational Safety11.8.1.2 Dat
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11 - Operational SafetyIn all cases
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1212 Synthesis12.1 Simple and robus
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12 - SynthesisThe existence of unce
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12 - SynthesisTo concretely illustr
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Bibliographic references[17] Callon
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Bibliographic references[54] Andra
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Bibliographic references[88] IAEA (
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Photo Credits:ANDRA - AREVA CREATIV
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