Architecture and management of a geological repository - Andra

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The monitoring of infrastructures requires us to select certain sections of drifts or shafts to beinstrumented. These instrumented zones are spread throughout all the infrastructures. The distancebetween these zones is not specified in theory. The density of the instrumented zones in relation withoperational safety, and in particular for the monitoring of the mechanical strength of the structures,will be based on the experience feedback built up in civil engineering and especially in theunderground laboratory. In order to limit the number of instrumented zones, we will attempt tocombine the measurements designed to observe the repository with those specifically for operationalmonitoring.For the closure structures (backfill or seals), monitoring is designed to achieve objectives relating tolong-term safety. However, the complete resaturation of these structures necessitates excessively longperiods to permit comprehensive monitoring as part of a programme of observation and surveillance.The monitoring of these structures is thus limited to their short-term evolution after installation(settling and fluid exchange in the walls). The first seals of B cells and drifts and also sections of thefirst backfilled drifts will undergo thorough monitoring. The monitoring of the following structureswill then be adapted according to the results obtained on the first structures.The basis for the distribution of the control cells and the instrumented drift sections at the repositorylevel, is illustrated in Figure 10.3.9. This distribution shows that a moderate number of structuresobserved allow monitoring at repository level. However, this illustration does not represent a frozenview of the monitoring programme in as far as the experience feedback from the first monitoredstructures will make it possible to adjust the choice and the distribution of the measurementequipment.10.3.6.2 Anticipation of changes triggered by management stages.The installation of monitoring equipment takes place at the construction phase of the structureconcerned. This equipment must allow monitoring of the phenomena which will occur during thedifferent repository stages, and in particular those which will occur after the packages are put in place,then again after the cells are sealed. The design of the monitoring system takes account of an expectedsensor failure rate, according to the monitoring period envisaged. If the structure becomes inaccessible(for example after a cell is filled or after a drift is backfilled), these potential losses can becompensated by adapting sensor redundancy. Finally, when the use of transmission by cables or fiberoptic becomes unfavourable (especially to avoid passing through a seal), it is possible to use a wirelesstransmission system.10.3.7 Observation of B waste repository modulesThe observation of B waste disposal cells is essentially focused on the phenomena which characterisethese structures during the different stages of the repository process, i.e.: the evolution of stressesexerted by the geological formation on the lining, the evolution of the level of saturation of thestructure's near environment and the production of gas by certain waste material. Moreover, for cellscontaining exothermic waste, the evolution of the temperature is also an important phenomenon.10.3.7.1 The system of observation of a control moduleThe system enabling observation of a "B control cell" is made up of 6 instrumented sections providingmeasurements at certain specific points and of fiber optic systems providing measurements distributedaxially along the whole length of the cell. This system is complemented by an instrumented bore-holeat the bottom of the cell and by the monitoring of the ventilation air (Figure 10.3.10). The entiresystem, conceived to provide physical measurements, is fitted during the construction of the structure.DOSSIER 2005 ARGILE -ARCHITECTURE AND MANAGEMENT OF A GEOLOGICAL DISPOSAL SYSTEM402/495
In addition, a visual control system may be used in the usable part of the cell: for example by means ofvideo camera, either fixed to a post or mobile and attached, for example, to a package handling truckor by a means of an adjustable, multidirectional robotic endoscopic arm to facilitate visual inspectionof the clearance remaining between the packages once they have been put in place.Figure 10.3.10B control cell observation systemThe instrumented sections are positioned at the end of the cell (one section), in the main part (twosections), at the head of the cell (one section) and in the access drift (two sections). Each instrumentedsection provide "two-dimensional" monitoring of the structure. The three-dimensional vision isachieved by collecting the information obtained in all the instrumented sections and by the distributedmeasurements provided by the fiber optic systems all along the structure.DOSSIER 2005 ARGILE -ARCHITECTURE AND MANAGEMENT OF A GEOLOGICAL DISPOSAL SYSTEM403/495
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Report SeriesTomeArchitectureand ma
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C.RP.ADP.04.00013/495ContentsConten
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C.RP.ADP.04.00015/4955.3.2 Design p
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C.RP.ADP.04.00017/4959.2.3 The tran
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C.RP.ADP.04.00019/495Bibliographic
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C.RP.ADP.04.000111/495Table of illu
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C.RP.ADP.04.000113/495Figure 4.3.8
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C.RP.ADP.04.000115/495Figure 5.3.9F
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C.RP.ADP.04.000117/495Figure 9.2.2
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C.RP.ADP.04.000119/495Figure 10.4.8
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C.RP.ADP.04.000121/495Table 11.6.1T
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1 - The Study Approach1.1 Purpose o
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1 - The Study ApproachFrom 1999 to
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1 - The Study Approach1.4 Structure
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2 - General DescriptionThis chapter
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2 - General DescriptionHLLL waste p
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2 - General DescriptionFor a transi
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2 - General DescriptionIt should al
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2 - General Description2.2.2.2 Safe
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2 - General DescriptionThe protecti
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2 - General DescriptionIt should al
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2 - General DescriptionThis section
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2 - General Descriptionfollowing th
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2 - General Description2.3.2.2 Geoc
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2 - General DescriptionFigure 2.3.5
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2 - General DescriptionIn the Dogge
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2 - General Description• A dimens
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2 - General Description2.4.1.2 Desi
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2 - General Description- some conne
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2 - General DescriptionAs for the w
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2 - General DescriptionThe figure b
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33High-level long-lived waste3.1 Wa
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteRese
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3 - High Level Long-Lived Wastesupp
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteThe
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteFigu
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteA fi
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteA se
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteVitr
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteCond
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteDist
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3 - High Level Long-Lived Waste3.3.
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3 - High Level Long-Lived WasteTabl
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44Waste disposal packages4.1 B disp
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesFor empl
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4 - Waste disposal Packages• Safe
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4 - Waste disposal Packages• "Par
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesThe prin
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesThe seco
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesFigure 4
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4 - Waste disposal Packages4.1.5 Th
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4 - Waste disposal Packages4.1.5.7
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesIn the c
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesFinally,
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesThe YAG
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesIn the U
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesThe spee
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4 - Waste disposal Packages4.2.4 Ma
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesLoadSlid
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4 - Waste disposal Packages4.3 Spen
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesThe seco
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesFor both
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4 - Waste disposal Packages• Safe
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesAs for C
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4 - Waste disposal PackagesMelted c
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55Repository modules.5.1 B waste re
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5 - Repository Modules5.1.1.1 Quest
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5 - Repository Modules• Controlli
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5 - Repository ModulesFigure 5.1.1t
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5 - Repository Modules• The geome
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5 - Repository ModulesTable 5.1.1Fu
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5 - Repository ModulesFigure 5.1.9D
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5 - Repository Modules5.1.3.2 Detai
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5 - Repository Modules• Arrangeme
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5 - Repository ModulesAlthough this
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5 - Repository ModulesConnection be
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5 - Repository ModulesFurthermore,
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5 - Repository ModulesTo illustrate
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5 - Repository Modules• The acces
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5 - Repository ModulesFigure 5.1.24
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5 - Repository Modules• Limiting
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5 - Repository Modules5.2.2 Design
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5 - Repository ModulesA concept wit
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5 - Repository Modules• Orientati
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5 - Repository ModulesFigure 5.2.3O
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5 - Repository Modules5.2.3.1 Descr
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5 - Repository ModulesA minimum ann
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5 - Repository ModulesIn terms of t
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5 - Repository ModulesStorage perio
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5 - Repository ModulesSensitivity t
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5 - Repository ModulesIt must be no
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5 - Repository Modules• Disposal
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5 - Repository Modules• Assembly
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5 - Repository ModulesThe permeabil
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5 - Repository ModulesThe evolution
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5 - Repository ModulesThe lowest dr
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5 - Repository Modules• Back-fill
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5 - Repository Modules5.3.2.1 Sever
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5 - Repository ModulesFigure 5.3.4S
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5 - Repository ModulesThe cells are
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5 - Repository ModulesFinally, it s
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5 - Repository ModulesThe internal
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5 - Repository Modules• Descripti
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5 - Repository Modules- another pos
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66 Overall undergroundarchitecture6
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6 - Overall underground architectur
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7 - The shafts and the driftsThe co
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7 - The shafts and the drifts7.2.2
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7 - The shafts and the driftsFigure
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7 - The shafts and the drifts7.3.3.
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7 - The shafts and the drifts7.4 De
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7 - The shafts and the driftsThe dr
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7 - The shafts and the drifts7.7 Cl
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7 - The shafts and the driftspressu
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88Surface installations8.1 General
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8 - Surface installationsFigure 8.1
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8 - Surface installationsSuch a bui
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8 - Surface installationsApart from
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9 - Nuclear operating resources in
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Page 387 and 388: 10.3.2.2 Monitoring of type C waste
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11 - Operational SafetyThis risk co
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11 - Operational SafetyHydrogen emi
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11 - Operational SafetyOver and abo
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11 - Operational SafetyFigure 11.4.
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11 - Operational SafetyHowever, wit
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11 - Operational SafetyTable 11.5.1
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11 - Operational Safety11.5.2 Concl
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11 - Operational Safety11.7.1 Asses
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11 - Operational SafetyTable 11.7.2
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11 - Operational SafetySuch a damag
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11 - Operational Safety11.8.1.2 Dat
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11 - Operational SafetyIn all cases
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1212 Synthesis12.1 Simple and robus
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12 - SynthesisThe existence of unce
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12 - SynthesisTo concretely illustr
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Bibliographic references[17] Callon
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Bibliographic references[54] Andra
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Bibliographic references[88] IAEA (
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Photo Credits:ANDRA - AREVA CREATIV
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