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the receiver. Waste manifests are alsorequired under provincial law and copies ofthe manifest must be sent to the appropriateprovincial department for both the place oforigin and destination. Where the place oforigin or destination is outside Canada, acopy of the manifest must be sent toEnvironment Canada.Permits are required for the import, exportand transport of hazardous waste.Hazardous waste includes dangerousgoods and any substance in the Export andImport of Hazardous Waste and HazardousRecyclable Material Regulations. Allimporters and exporters of hazardous wastemust provide notice of the waste shipmentto the relevant Canadian authorities.Federal Environmental LegislationCanadian Environmental Protection Act,1999CEPA’s overall purpose is to set andenforce environmental quality standards. Asindicated above, it contains provisionswhich regulate all aspects of theenvironment under federal jurisdiction,including air pollution, ocean dumping, theregulation of toxic substances and themovement of hazardous waste. CEPA alsocontains provisions that apply specifically tofederal departments, agencies, crowncorporations, works, undertakings andlands. The federal Minister of Environmenthas authority to appoint inspectors for thepurpose of administering and enforcingCEPA.Where the owner or person in control takesno response measure, inspectors areauthorized to take any actions required byCEPA to control the release of a regulatedsubstance. Authorized actions includeentering onto private property in order totake necessary measures, but do notinclude entering a private dwelling unlessauthorized by a warrant. In somecircumstances, however, there is authorityfor a warrantless search. Seized goods canbe detained under specific provisions ofCEPA.CEPA also provides for the issuance ofenvironmental protection orders andincludes penalties that can be imposed for acontravention of the Act or its regulations.Maximum penalties are a fine of up to $1million and/or five years’ imprisonment.Fisheries ActThe Fisheries Act is administered by thefederal Department of Fisheries andOceans. The purpose of this legislation toprotect Canada’s fisheries and, bynecessary extension, it applies to protectfish habitat. It applies to all waters inCanadian fishing zones, all waters in theterritorial sea of Canada and all internalwaters of Canada. Although this legislationmainly regulates the harvesting ofcommercial fisheries in Canada’s territorialand inland seas, it has also been used toprotect recreational and environmentallysensitive fish stocks as well as habitat forfish and other organisms.Inspectors under CEPA have the power toinspect any place where there is asubstance or activity regulated by the Act.Environmental Law 111