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compromised the computer of an employee with special privileges. 2• A hospital employee inadvertently left a stack of papers containingpatient and healthcare information on a subway train. The loss of paperfiles affected 192 of the hospital’s infectious disease practice patients. 3• A company executive with stock market-moving information received anemail purportedly from another executive urging her to open an attacheddocument. The executive opened the document, entered her credentials,and gave hackers access to information to play the stock market. 4This article provides an overview of some of the most common threats to data security,best practices for protecting data and preparing for a data breach, key tips forresponding to a data breach, and several related litigation and enforcement trends.II.What Needs Protecting?Companies may have massive amounts of data, both electronic and paper, containingfinancial information, customer information, patient information, vendor information,employee information, intellectual property and patents, mergers and acquisitions2 Emily Glazer and Danny Yadron, J.P. Morgan Says About 76 Million Households Affected By CyberBreach, The Wall Street Journal (Oct. 2, 2014, 9:32 p.m.), http://online.wj.com/articles/j-p-morganfound-hackers-after-finding-breach-of-race-website-1414766443(last visited Jan. 13, 2015).3 Pamela Lewis Dolan, Carelessness behind many health data breaches, American Medical News (March21, 2011), http://www.amednews.com/article/20110321/business/303219968/2/ (last visited Jan. 13,2015).4 The Associated Press, FireEye details cybersecurity threat that appears to help hackers play themarkets (Dec. 1, 2014 9:30 a.m.), http://www.startribune.com/lifestyle/284326251.html (last visited Jan.13, 2015).March 6, 2015 3 © 3-6-2015 ALFA International Business Litigation P.G.