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Chapter 1IntroducingStewart McKelvey
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2015InternationalClientSeminarALFAI
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ALFA InternationalFACTSComplete Nam
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For more information about upcoming
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ALFA InternationalThe Global Legal
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ALFA INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE AREASAL
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MEMBERSBrett K. BaconFrantz Ward LL
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U.S. MEMBER FIRMSALABAMABIRMINGHAMB
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SAN DIEGOHiggs Fletcher & Mack, LLP
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TAMPA / SARASOTA / FT. MYERS /ST. P
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IOWADES MOINESWhitfield & Eddy, P.L
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MASSACHUSETTSBOSTONMorrison Mahoney
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MISSOURIKANSAS CITYBaker Sterchi Co
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NEW MEXICOALBUQUERQUEButt Thornton
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U.S. MEMBER FIRMSOREGONPORTLANDCosg
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U.S. MEMBER FIRMSSOUTH DAKOTAFARGO
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U.S. MEMBER FIRMSLUBBOCKMullin Hoar
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U.S. MEMBER FIRMSWEST VIRGINIACHARL
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INTERNATIONAL MEMBER FIRMSAMERICAN
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INTERNATIONAL MEMBER FIRMSBAHRAINMA
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INTERNATIONAL MEMBER FIRMSTORONTO,
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INTERNATIONAL MEMBER FIRMSEGYPTCAIR
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INTERNATIONAL MEMBER FIRMSGUATEMALA
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LUXEMBOURGLUXEMBOURGDSM Di Stefano
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Bull & Co Advokatfirma ASP.O. Box 2
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SAIPANO’Connor Berman Dotts & Ban
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URUGUAYMONTEVIDEOArcia Storace Fuen
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The Politics of Litigation 1I. Intr
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After Wally left, Delbert figured o
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The morning before Delbert’s meet
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not the individual. If this occurs,
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In Upjohn, the company was subject
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permanently protected (7) from disc
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necessarily transcends any particul
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suspend a company’s document rete
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IX.Ethical Duty of ConfidentialityR
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triggering a potential conflict of
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The Opinion concludes that an insur
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that a conflict of interest existed
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ecause it was intentionally inflict
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2014 INTERNATIONAL CLIENT SEMINARFA
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For many, that is enough attention
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esources presented in this paper (a
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alcohol or drugs. 4By comparison, a
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the third leading cause of death am
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may avoid intervening on behalf of
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Consider this thought: at its core,
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1. Decide if work-life balance is i
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But we encourage our readers to thi
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information is that they will find
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the problem, but reaches further to
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is far easier to exclude members of
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general lack of understanding of th
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The efforts to this point are argua
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choose to investigate every event c
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VII.ConclusionRoot cause analysis c
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ALABAMACharles A. “Chuck” Stewa
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3. Does your state recognize a self
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3. Does California recognize a self
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CONNECTICUTHenry M. Beck, Jr.Joseph
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DELAWAREJames W. SempleMORRIS JAMES
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Except as otherwise provided by Con
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There is no D.C. "state" court opin
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No. While accepted in the federal s
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HAWAIIPeter A. DubrawskiCristina Gu
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IDAHORichard H. GreenerGREENER BURK
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investigation of a claim was a priv
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Indiana does not recognize a self-c
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W. Paul AnderssonLEAKE & ANDERSSON,
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MARYLANDJames W. Bartlett, IIIEric
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MASSACHUSETTSGrace V.B. GarciaMORRI
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MISSISSIPPIStephen P. Huwe, Esq.DAN
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MONTANAT. Thomas SingerAXILON LAW G
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NEVADASeetal Tejura,Esq.ALVERSON TA
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NEW MEXICOAlfred I. GreenBUT THORNT
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NEW YORKWilliam D. YoquintoCARTER,
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NORTH CAROLINADavid M. DukeShannon
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NORTH DAKOTAM. Daniel VogelVOGEL LA
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Please see No. 1 above.
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Only for peer review for profession
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SOUTH CAROLINADuke R. HighfieldVict
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SOUTH DAKOTAW. Todd HaggartM. Danie
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TEXASJ.K. LeonardWhitney Broadwater
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UTAHHeidi G. GoebelCHRISTENSEN & JE
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Statements made by a party during a
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WASHINGTONTamara K. NelsonSylvia J.
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WEST VIRGINIAEdward J. GeorgeROBINS
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WISCONSINJohn J. LaffeyWilliam E. H
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WYOMINGJames WorthenMURANE & BOSTWI
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ALFA INTERNATIONAL2015 INTERNATIONA
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there is mounting frustration over
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increasingly added to FCA complaint
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Supreme Foodservice A.G. - Criminal
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B. The Dodd-Frank Act Whistleblower
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conditioned upon parallel internal
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Title 26, Internal Revenue Code sec
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cases continue to generate controve
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B. Fleshing Out Potential Problems
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company’s commitment to complianc
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too many management teams considere
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issues are identified in due dilige
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-2015 INTERNATIONAL CLIENT SEMINARF
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people schooled in law or science a
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members of a tribe as much as we do
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enefits was presented by Republican
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five other people? For some student
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about a sex offender Dutton intervi
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III.We Identify Ourselves by Our Tr
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At the same time we are identifying
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IV.Tribes in the CourtroomSince hum
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And then they do the same thing peo
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• I have never experimented with
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were victims of crime or had been s
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Researchers at the University of Ar
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Self-interest always runs a good ra
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• Commitment and consistency: How
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correlated with the evaluations giv
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witness into a private space in the
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than neutral messages, and those me
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statements were attributed to one o
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“The more tightly coupled the bra
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VI.ConclusionBefore we present any
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impacts are fully felt, much less t
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investigators, scientists and polit
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One defendant 5 , Company X for thi
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and legal review of significant eng
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Relying upon the insurance of other
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more fearful context, Beazley offer
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A. Assembling the Company TeamWhen
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information (in a privileged settin
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counsel, investigators, and experts
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connected with certain communities
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VI.THE BATTLE BEGINS: RECOMMENDATIO
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is essential to retain an excellent
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A tolling agreement is also very us
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isk of inconsistent results or, wor
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useful to retain this type of consu
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obstructive in discovery, especiall
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A. Congressional Power to Investiga
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C. Privileges in CongressThere are
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egarded media firms (many headed by
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Hackers Anonymous—Risk Mitigation
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information, marketing information,
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Calls that an employee’s computer
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sure who or what you’re connectin
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3. The hackers sent credit card num
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stolen credit card number may fetch
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against Russia for its aggressive a
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stored) format in many states may l
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ather than something that applies t
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a significant security challenge. O
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possible. Improperly handled data b
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E. Data Breach Notification Statute
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G. Remediation Efforts: Credit Moni
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courts in recent months have been m
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slightly favor the merchants and no
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notifications until after it comple
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the cloud began to take on a more r
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utilize them without realizing it.
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1. Efficiency and ConvenienceTradit
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B. DisadvantagesWhile the cloud doe
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III.An Examination of State Bar Eth
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6. The sensitivity of the data;7. I
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C. New York - Four Factor ApproachT
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11. Investigate the provider and th
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would create a false sense of secur
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C. Get Consent From Your ClientThe
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i. all information that is a trade
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Due to concerns of data security br
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Exhibit No. 1:Software as a Service
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"Availability Requirement" has the
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(d) trade secrets, know-how and oth
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"Service Availability Credits" has
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2.3 Compliance With Laws. Provider
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2.8 Customer SaaS Manager. Customer
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(a) When Provider notifies Customer
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exceed the Availability Requirement
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(b) all such services and repairs a
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Level Failurebegins and[PERCENTAGE
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in which theinitial ServiceLevel Fa
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permitted successor or assignee hav
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Customer Data to the information te
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the performance of Services, includ
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8.9 [Customer Audits of Provider. D
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provided in this Agreement for so l
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written consent, provided, however,
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and covenants[, and shall obtain th
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12.2 Unauthorized Access. Provider
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such mirror system so that it may b
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"Customer Modification"), provided
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Processing of Customer Data, includ
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(f)(g)Losses to the extent covered
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devote adequate resources to meet P
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18.1 Force Majeure Events. [Subject
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informs Customer in writing or, as
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Attention: [NAME OF OFFICER TO RECE
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(b) Customer shall have the right t
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21.15 [Attorneys' Fees. In the even
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties her
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SCHEDULE [B/[OTHER LETTER]]SERVICE
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SCHEDULE [D/[OTHER LETTER]][KEY PER
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SCHEDULE [F/[OTHER LETTER]]DATA BAC
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EXHIBIT [1/[OTHER NUMBER]][CONFIDEN
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EXHIBIT [3/[OTHER NUMBER]]BUSINESS
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IT IS BOUND TO HAPPEN:Managing Loss
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share cyber-threat information with
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IV.Liability for Data BreachesHavin
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The CGL form contains a second insu
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okers to ensure that they have adeq
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Privacy notification. This covers t
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Advertising injury. Similar to Cove
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the Insured to the Insurer of a fai
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even decreasing slightly in late 20
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• Business method and software pa
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Accounting Office (GAO) issued a re
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companies forced to settle or proce
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These letters contain an offer to l
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In addition to these federal legisl
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2. The scope of the patent and when
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Finally, if the NPE comes calling,
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So far, these new USPTO tools have
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example, a medical school professor
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The best solution to abusive litiga
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Lions, Tigers, and Bears—When Com
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II. Retaliation Claims Enforced by
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8. FDA Food Safety Modernization Ac
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esponse to the complainant. Within
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As discussed below, while there are
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The client disclosed information wh
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Vanguard has threatened to bring it
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unlawful constraint on the employee
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Workplace Trends - What Is Hot and
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Employee Section Procedures. Valida
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an applicant’s criminal history i
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employees to fill customer orders,
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female transsexual workers in viola
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Some best practices advocated for e
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employees’ personal Facebook page
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Company’s workplace policies agai
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• Reasonable accommodations avail
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Young was based when she worked for
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indefinitely). One alternative view
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possible,” 2protectable trade sec
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versions of the Uniform Trade Secre
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secrets, consistent with the requir
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2. Validity of Restrictive Covenant
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strictly construed. 35The inclusion
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ecoverable for the breach of a vali
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That lawsuit was followed by multip
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1. ValidityFor the validity of a no
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compete clause. As a consequence, t
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obligation on termination requiring
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This should be the easiest type of
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the covenants on termination. Addit
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his or her freedom of speech outwei
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due to the restrictive covenant, th
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• that respecting new exploitatio
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consequence of otherwise rendering
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or uses it for his own profit or fo
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• Thanks to the knowledge, means
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In any case, the non-compete clause
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Medical Marijuana and Employment La
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2. The amounts that a user may poss
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provides that if there is any confl
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○preventing the growing of mariju
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○Generally, the answer is yes. Ho
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○On January 27, 2014, the Colorad
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5. Marijuana products are tracked f
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discuss the legal consequences of a
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their insolvency laws within a mode
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3. Centre of main interests (COMI)T
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The Regulation does not mandate adv
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Occasionally, a company’s managem
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c. England and WalesProceedings can
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In its order opening the insolvency
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All the officers appointed in the i
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5. Role of Creditorsa. GermanyCredi
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ii.LiquidationIf the creditors and
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inding the insolvent company are au
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insolvency filing. The administrato
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surrender of its collateral. If the
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even from outside of the EU) are tr
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declaration creates an “administr
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The Insolvency Court will enter an
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or the administrator after the inso
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approve the Administrator’s propo
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ii. Procédure de conciliation 50As
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While the mandat ad hoc and the con
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Sauvegarde financière accélérée
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Employees are protected by so calle
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15. Management Duties and Liability
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acknowledged where gross negligence
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Also, directors may be held persona
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specific knowledge that the debtor
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The seller may take legal action fo
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The distinction between de facto an
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. FranceWith some exceptions 77 (e.
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assess the assets that are located
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The Law Department of the 21 st Cen
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important as more legal work is bro
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in-house counsel and a team member
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ut especially Defense Counsel, may
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Earth, Wind and Fire - When it’s
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II.Preparing for the Catastrophic E
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the event of a catastrophic event.
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the personnel necessary for essenti
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Finally, once a business continuity
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as soon as reasonably possible may
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prearranged, pre-loss event cost of
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As a result, businesses must know t
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might temporarily or permanently ex
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III.Responding to the Catastrophic
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y fire. 62The insured sought recove
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usinesses. 75 The specific policy l
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travel overseas, and personnel from
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employees of basic policies, such a
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5 for the RoadThe Politics of Litig
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5 for the RoadStrategies for Avoidi
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5 for the RoadCatastrophic Litigati
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5 for the RoadHackers Anonymous—R
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Five for the RoadIt is Bound to Hap
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5 for the RoadWorkplace Trends - Wh
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5 for the RoadSex, Drugs, Rock and
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5 for the roadNavigating Insolvency
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5 for the RoadWhere in the World?AL
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2015InternationalClientSeminarAUSTR
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TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION .....
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CONTRIBUTORSCornwall Stodart, Melbo
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- 2 -BUSINESS STRUCTURESCowell Clar
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- 4 -• unconscionable conduct in
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- 6 -Employers are required to main
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- 8 -TAXATIONCowell ClarkeIncome ta
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- 10 -The rates of income tax for t
Page 708 and 709:
- 12 -IMMIGRATIONTressCoxGeneral bu
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- 14 -2. NominationThe employer mus
Page 712 and 713:
- 16 -FOREIGN INVESTMENT REVIEW BOA
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- 18 -DEALING WITH THE AUSTRALIAN G
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- 20 -services provided through pan
Page 718 and 719:
- 22 -DISPUTE RESOLUTION/COURT SYST
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- 24 -FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICESCowe
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- 26 -Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
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LAW OFFICESDR. F. SCHWANKVIENNAYOUR
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AUTHORS:Friedrich Schwank, Dr. iur.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ::IntroductionEss
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VII Semiconductor Chip Design Prote
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- INTRODUCT IION -ESSENTIALS FOR FO
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If this is so in the jurisdiction o
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- CHAPTER ONE -DO’’S AND DON’
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considered ineffective to the exten
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- CHAPTER TWO -CORPORATE STRUCTURES
Page 742 and 743:
Other clauses of the Articles of As
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to represent the AG.represent the A
Page 746 and 747:
- CHAPTER THREE -TAX PLANNINGIAttit
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iithe home is used for not more tha
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a. Offshore Investment FundsUnder A
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The group taxation regulation is ai
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AUSTRIA’’S DOUBLE TAXATION TREA
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Treaty Limits on Withholding TaxesC
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- CHAPTER FOUR -PROTECT YOUR KNOW-H
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the date of priority, and is concer
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It is also possible to declare a pa
Page 764 and 765:
In the latter case, the author main
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- CHAPTER F IIVE -LABOUR AND EMPLOY
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at present 38.5 hours per week. As
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Non-compete ClausePost contractual
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council having been given five days
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(i)(ii)presents false papers or giv
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(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)Damages. This is ca
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1. The employer must enter into an
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viexample would be if some employee
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iilook after the apprentice and occ
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- CHAPTER S IIX -PENSIONS AND SUPER
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A criminal investigation is under w
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ixSurplus of AssetsThe Pension Fund
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How to Invest in Brazila guide to i
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1. FOREIGN INVESTMENT CAPITAL AND C
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In accordance with the new rules, f
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Moreover, BACEN legislation also es
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Today, consolidations, acquisitions
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3.1. Corporation (S/A)S/As are gove
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The number of non-voting preferred
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Special attention should be given t
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occur without prior registration at
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The quota capital may only be incre
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more than half the quota capital, a
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3.5. ConsortiumDifferent organizati
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With respect to trademarks, the Law
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If Brazil has signed an agreement t
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After August 2010, through a new AG
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5.4. Construction RightOwners may e
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of Law 9,430 of 27 December 1996).
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Earnings and capital gains derived
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Currently, the generally applied ra
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o) on the settlement of concurrent
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6.1.6.1. Social Integration Program
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Today, this new system is expected
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Of the total resources collected by
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In order to regulate Resolution 13/
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(i) Minimum age of 16;(ii) From 14
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During vacation, employees receive
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The sums deposited will be the prop
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(iv) 2.5% of the total gross revenu
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market. The policy for the sector i
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The consideration for the benefit i
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A foreign company may license a pro
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The judgment of the proposals shall
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Law 8,987/95 fixes the policies for
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(ii) the penalties applicable to th
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The guarantees to be granted by FGP
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The bidding process for the contrac
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the impact of flooding caused by th
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This and the generation activities
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It is relevant to mention that in s
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indigenous peoples and communities,
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markets: commercial, industrial and
Page 872 and 873: 5 of Law 11,508/07), and the prohib
Page 874 and 875: (iii) full depreciation during the
Page 876 and 877: This benefit is regulated by Decree
Page 878 and 879: 14.6. RETAEROThe Special Tax Incent
Page 880 and 881: 15. ACQUISITION OF COMPANIESThe tot
Page 882 and 883: joint and several liability of the
Page 884 and 885: BACEN may, if it deems necessary, a
Page 886 and 887: Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerla
Page 888 and 889: Currently, UNASUR has twelve minist
Page 890 and 891: Ambassador Roberto Azevedo was appo
Page 892 and 893: Treaty for Legal Cooperation in Cri
Page 894 and 895: The Convention contains 101 article
Page 896 and 897: administrator of such company, with
Page 898 and 899: If an arbitration seat is in Brazil
Page 900 and 901: policies concerning drugs, equipmen
Page 902 and 903: composed of effectively beneficial
Page 904 and 905: Experimental drugs to be used under
Page 906 and 907: Nevertheless, the federal governmen
Page 908 and 909: obligations set forth in the Mining
Page 910 and 911: A good opportunity for the explorat
Page 912 and 913: management in Brazil. Therefore, if
Page 914 and 915: The purpose of PPSA is to manage th
Page 916 and 917: 24.12. OpportunitiesThe 1 st Biddin
Page 918: DOING BUSINESS INATLANTIC CANADA
Page 921 and 922: Updated Oct 10, 201456
Page 926 and 927: INTRODUCING STEWART MCKELVEYAt Stew
Page 928 and 929: WELCOME TO ATLANTIC CANADAQuick Fac
Page 930 and 931: PRINCE EDWARD ISLANDQuick FactsThe
Page 932 and 933: NEWFOUNDLAND & LABRADORQuick Facts
Page 934 and 935: WORKFORCEAtlantic Canada has one of
Page 936: The Charter is particularly signifi
Page 940 and 941: CHAPTER 2FORMS OF BUSINESS ORGANIZA
Page 942 and 943: esidency requirements by incorporat
Page 944 and 945: is susceptible to being struck from
Page 946 and 947: Extra-Provincial IncorporationsCorp
Page 948: partners. The parties to a limited
Page 952 and 953: CHAPTER 3REGULATION OF FOREIGNINVES
Page 954 and 955: With respect to cultural industries
Page 956: life insurance company to 25% in th
Page 960 and 961: CHAPTER 4BUSINESS TRAVEL TO CANADA,
Page 962 and 963: etained a foreign company or indivi
Page 964 and 965: employer's productivity,competitive
Page 966 and 967: study permit that authorizes them t
Page 968 and 969: Economic ClassesCanadian Experience
Page 970 and 971: Worker Stream and Critical ImpactSt
Page 972: Chapter 5Trade and BusinessConduct
Page 975 and 976:
Canada is a signatory to the NorthA
Page 977 and 978:
and does change the list of restric
Page 979 and 980:
of certain types of transactions (e
Page 981 and 982:
are additional rules that apply for
Page 983 and 984:
examination of the product. If a co
Page 985 and 986:
monetary penalties” on companies
Page 987 and 988:
Electronic Contracts and Signatures
Page 989 and 990:
does not cover an agreement to supp
Page 992:
Chapter 6Taxation Law
Page 995 and 996:
The primary basis for taxation in C
Page 997 and 998:
Provincial Corporate TaxesIn additi
Page 999 and 1000:
Business TypeTax RateGeneral 16%Man
Page 1001 and 1002:
taxed at zero percent if they are e
Page 1004:
Chapter 7Real Estate Law
Page 1007 and 1008:
The next highest interest in land i
Page 1009 and 1010:
The situation is different in Princ
Page 1011 and 1012:
ensure they will be acceptable to t
Page 1014:
Chapter 8Securities Law
Page 1017 and 1018:
financial information. These disclo
Page 1019 and 1020:
purchasers to the issuer, the sophi
Page 1022:
Chapter 9IntellectualProperty
Page 1025 and 1026:
patents and trade-marks are all gov
Page 1027 and 1028:
mark infringement. Passing off one
Page 1029 and 1030:
obtain than other forms of intellec
Page 1032:
Chapter 10Privacy Law
Page 1035 and 1036:
an employee of an organization. Und
Page 1037 and 1038:
uildings or other structures, itsne
Page 1039 and 1040:
extended to them under the Access t
Page 1042:
Chapter 11Employment AndLabour Law
Page 1045 and 1046:
Regarding legislation, a business i
Page 1047 and 1048:
For example, in Nova Scotia, there
Page 1049 and 1050:
OffshoreAccurate records of the han
Page 1051 and 1052:
who has significant experience inco
Page 1053 and 1054:
Canada Pension PlanUnder Canada’s
Page 1055 and 1056:
Those responsible for the hiring pr
Page 1057 and 1058:
contract law is that the parties sh
Page 1059 and 1060:
The types of leave, time frames for
Page 1062:
Chapter 12Environmental Law
Page 1065 and 1066:
egard to the environment. In additi
Page 1067 and 1068:
The federal government also maintai
Page 1069 and 1070:
Transportation of Dangerous Goods A
Page 1071 and 1072:
environmental impact of new physica
Page 1073 and 1074:
Raising the maximum fine for spills
Page 1075 and 1076:
The issue of director and officer l
Page 1077 and 1078:
also create new duties and responsi
Page 1079 and 1080:
may also be subject to monitoring t
Page 1082 and 1083:
CHAPTER 13COMMERCIAL REORGANIZATION
Page 1084 and 1085:
Because the BIA and CCAA are federa
Page 1086 and 1087:
the debtor’s assets by auction, t
Page 1088 and 1089:
secured creditors outside of bankru
Page 1090:
Chapter 14Enforcement ofCreditors
Page 1093 and 1094:
equirements under the PPSA, securit
Page 1095 and 1096:
deficiency claim may be brought aga
Page 1097 and 1098:
An Action for DebtRule 4 in Nova Sc
Page 1099 and 1100:
issuing a pre-judgment garnishmentp
Page 1102:
Chapter 15Municipal Law
Page 1105 and 1106:
The form of such legislation varies
Page 1107 and 1108:
properties is usually higher than f
Page 1110 and 1111:
CHAPTER 16ABORIGINAL LAWThis chapte
Page 1112 and 1113:
eserve: through a temporary permit
Page 1114 and 1115:
The land interest cannot be sold,tr
Page 1116 and 1117:
“Historical” TreatiesThe region
Page 1118 and 1119:
ange from good faith consultation w
Page 1120 and 1121:
The Labrador Inuit Land Claims Agre
Page 1122 and 1123:
The Policy contemplates the creatio
Page 1124 and 1125:
income, these other benefits will a
Page 1126:
Chapter 17Big Land
Page 1129 and 1130:
In that case, the Judicial Committe
Page 1132:
Appendix:Business Incentives
Page 1135 and 1136:
VENTURE CAPITAL FUND (“VCF”)The
Page 1137 and 1138:
BUSINESS TAXATIONSMALL BUSINESS INV
Page 1139 and 1140:
MARKETING SUPPORT PROGRAMMarketing
Page 1141 and 1142:
ENRICHED INVESTMENT TAX CREDITThis
Page 1143 and 1144:
BUSINESS TAXATIONNEW SMALL BUSINESS
Page 1145 and 1146:
Eligible Investors: The credit is a
Page 1147 and 1148:
NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADORBUSINESS A
Page 1149 and 1150:
from CIT payable of 9% on taxable m
Page 1151 and 1152:
for such assets acquired in 2014 an
Page 1153 and 1154:
Charlottetown, PE65 Grafton StreetC
Page 1155 and 1156:
1.2 - Decree Law 600The minimum amo
Page 1157 and 1158:
3.4 - Other taxes on businessLoans
Page 1159 and 1160:
2Access to public utilities has pre
Page 1161 and 1162:
4Growth of Exports (2000-2013).USD
Page 1163 and 1164:
6Growth of Imports (2000-2013).USD
Page 1165 and 1166:
83. Foreign InvestmentAny investmen
Page 1167 and 1168:
10Minimum level of treatment: Colom
Page 1169 and 1170:
12Principal Investor countries 2000
Page 1171 and 1172:
14“Uniempresarial” Goods Free T
Page 1173 and 1174:
16a) Registration of the new planta
Page 1175 and 1176:
18that have a direct relation with
Page 1177 and 1178:
20TRANSFER PRICING RULESThe Colombi
Page 1179 and 1180:
22(iii)A salary that compensates th
Page 1181 and 1182:
242. Integrated Salary: The integra
Page 1183 and 1184:
26SystemContributions (% of salary)
Page 1185 and 1186:
28wage:For employment relationships
Page 1187 and 1188:
30compliance with all the legal req
Page 1189 and 1190:
Attorneys
Page 1191 and 1192:
General FactsThe Republic of Costa
Page 1193 and 1194:
Investing in Costa RicaCosta Rica´
Page 1195 and 1196:
To ensure wide market access, Costa
Page 1197 and 1198:
Free Trade Zone Incentives:Export p
Page 1199 and 1200:
Our ServiceOur objective is to prov
Page 1201 and 1202:
DOING BUSINESS IN GERMANYJuly 2014H
Page 1203 and 1204:
3. Principle of Equal Treatment ...
Page 1205 and 1206:
2. PopulationWith approximately 80.
Page 1207 and 1208:
4.2 Non-EU CitizensNon-EU citizens
Page 1209 and 1210:
C. German EconomyThe Euro, which is
Page 1211 and 1212:
Sea and Emden, Bremen, Bermerhaven
Page 1213 and 1214:
The Articles of AssociationThe Arti
Page 1215 and 1216:
Supervisory BoardIn principle, a Su
Page 1217 and 1218:
are applicable to the “regular”
Page 1219 and 1220:
The members need to apply the stand
Page 1221 and 1222:
• Merger of two or more already e
Page 1223 and 1224:
7. The Advantages of a Partnership
Page 1225 and 1226:
In addition, the Solidarity Surchar
Page 1227 and 1228:
that the representative is entitled
Page 1229 and 1230:
Additional payments such as Christm
Page 1231 and 1232:
tract. Advantages of this way of en
Page 1233 and 1234:
5. Labour Law SuitsThe Labour Court
Page 1235 and 1236:
Doing Business In GhanaThe World Ba
Page 1237 and 1238:
Acquisition of EnterprisesIn Genera
Page 1239 and 1240:
Rent received and included as incom
Page 1241 and 1242:
Capital Gains TaxCapital gains tax
Page 1243 and 1244:
Hospitality (hotels) Nil 20% corpor
Page 1245 and 1246:
percentage of the CIF value; when t
Page 1247 and 1248:
an immigrant quota of two persons.
Page 1249 and 1250:
Industrial Designs ActThe Industria
Page 1251 and 1252:
Workman’s Compensation LawThe Wor
Page 1253 and 1254:
An application for a license is gra
Page 1255 and 1256:
I. ECONOMIC HIGHLIGHTSGuatemala has
Page 1257 and 1258:
e) Allocate an amount of capital at
Page 1259 and 1260:
or used in the country, or originat
Page 1261 and 1262:
2. Trade AgreementsGuatemala has si
Page 1263 and 1264:
As a result of the application of t
Page 1265 and 1266:
1. Daytime (between 6am and 6pm): M
Page 1267 and 1268:
ByrneWallace is one of Ireland’s
Page 1269 and 1270:
2 I Why Ireland? A guide to doing b
Page 1271 and 1272:
Page 1273 and 1274:
Page 1275 and 1276:
Page 1277 and 1278:
10 I Why Ireland? A guide to doing
Page 1279 and 1280:
Page 1281 and 1282:
Page 1283 and 1284:
Page 1285 and 1286:
Page 1287 and 1288:
Page 1289 and 1290:
Page 1291 and 1292:
Page 1293 and 1294:
Page 1295 and 1296:
Page 1297 and 1298:
Page 1299 and 1300:
Page 1301 and 1302:
Table of ContentsIsrael - Introduct
Page 1303 and 1304:
the agreement, and subject to rules
Page 1305 and 1306:
investors occasionally use US LLCs
Page 1307 and 1308:
Payments for expensesFor most domes
Page 1309 and 1310:
Several regions in Israel have been
Page 1311 and 1312:
Tourism ProjectsThe law for encoura
Page 1313 and 1314:
expenditure above $250,000 may rece
Page 1315 and 1316:
Employees are entitled to yearly pa
Page 1317 and 1318:
4. The fourth step involves the sta
Page 1319 and 1320:
consist primarily of real estate; t
Page 1321 and 1322:
securities equal or senior to those
Page 1323 and 1324:
Share OptionsIsraeli companies usua
Page 1325 and 1326:
10Oil and Gas Exploration in Israel
Page 1327 and 1328:
Leviathan Gas FieldThe Leviathan ga
Page 1329 and 1330:
The Laws Governing the Israeli Oil
Page 1331 and 1332:
The award of petroleum rights, with
Page 1333 and 1334:
CONTENTSITHE FAVOURABLE LUXEMBOURG
Page 1335 and 1336:
LUXEMBOURG ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT V
Page 1337 and 1338:
- then the SOPARFI falls within the
Page 1339 and 1340:
6. Multiple CompartmentsLike a secu
Page 1341 and 1342:
scope of the Law. The legal represe
Page 1343 and 1344:
III. COMPARATIVE TABLEThe following
Page 1345 and 1346:
TAX REGIMEUnregulatedSpecial Purpos
Page 1347 and 1348:
Legal Guideto Doing Businessin Mexi
Page 1349 and 1350:
All Rights Reserved ©Von Wobeser y
Page 1351 and 1352:
8First, the book explains the legal
Page 1353 and 1354:
Preface to theEnglish EditionWe are
Page 1355 and 1356:
OF COUNSELAlberto Muerza SierraGabr
Page 1357 and 1358:
5. The Stock Corporation 586. Publi
Page 1359 and 1360:
3. Distinctive Signs 2104. Appellat
Page 1361 and 1362:
CHAPTER XXIState Liability 3291. In
Page 1363 and 1364:
22CIACCICCNIECOACONAGUACONANPCPCDFC
Page 1365 and 1366:
24LGEEPALGSLGSMLGTYOCLIELISRLOPLPIL
Page 1367 and 1368:
26SHCP Ministry of Finance and Publ
Page 1369 and 1370:
2. History 128C H A P T E R IThe hi
Page 1371 and 1372:
30C H A P T E R Icurrency caused hi
Page 1373 and 1374:
32C H A P T E R Iselected by compet
Page 1375 and 1376:
34trade of the country and contribu
Page 1377 and 1378:
36C H A P T E R I IFurthermore, in
Page 1379 and 1380:
1. The Foreign Investment Law38C H
Page 1381 and 1382:
1.2. Forms of Investing in MexicoFo
Page 1383 and 1384:
42C H A P T E R I I1.3.2. Informati
Page 1385 and 1386:
44C H A P T E R I Iproduction, or s
Page 1387 and 1388:
46C H A P T E R I I• Suppliers of
Page 1389 and 1390:
CHAPTER IIIRequirements for Establi
Page 1391 and 1392:
Given that the limited liability co
Page 1393 and 1394:
granting them as general powers, bu
Page 1395 and 1396:
4.2. Ownership InterestsThe ownersh
Page 1397 and 1398:
c) Appoint and remove managers;d) D
Page 1399 and 1400:
5.2. The StockThe shares into which
Page 1401 and 1402:
5.4. Oversight of the CompanyEvery
Page 1403 and 1404:
a) Discussion, approval, or modific
Page 1405 and 1406:
In the case of general extraordinar
Page 1407 and 1408:
through a subsidiary, which can be
Page 1409 and 1410:
CHAPTER IVOffices and Industrial Pl
Page 1411 and 1412:
g) Do a topographical site survey a
Page 1413 and 1414:
CHAPTER VLabor Law1. Labor Contract
Page 1415 and 1416:
a contract and therefore an employm
Page 1417 and 1418:
c) Salary. When the salary paid to
Page 1419 and 1420:
d) Any benefits owed to the worker
Page 1421 and 1422:
general, in the places where work i
Page 1423 and 1424:
) By unit of work. This type of sal
Page 1425 and 1426:
) Permanent employees who are dismi
Page 1427 and 1428:
a) Day shift. The shift between 6:0
Page 1429 and 1430:
the employer should not also pay th
Page 1431 and 1432:
throwing, or pushing heavy weights,
Page 1433 and 1434:
piece of work. When such temporary
Page 1435 and 1436:
The worker will have the obligation
Page 1437 and 1438:
escinded or terminated within the p
Page 1439 and 1440:
e) Different trades. Those formed b
Page 1441 and 1442:
there cannot be two collective barg
Page 1443 and 1444:
2.1. Non-ImmigrantWithin the catego
Page 1445 and 1446:
106C H A P T E R V IThe foreign chi
Page 1447 and 1448:
x) Document verifying the professio
Page 1449 and 1450:
110C H A P T E R V Idocuments at po
Page 1451 and 1452:
the Organization for Economic Coope
Page 1453 and 1454:
114C H A P T E R V I I2.2.1. Income
Page 1455 and 1456:
2.2.5. DividendsThe aim of the ISR
Page 1457 and 1458:
118C H A P T E R V I Iv) Income rec
Page 1459 and 1460:
120C H A P T E R V I Ipaying the cr
Page 1461 and 1462:
However, the law exempts the follow
Page 1463 and 1464:
from applying the factor 0.175 (0.1
Page 1465 and 1466:
services or the temporary use and e
Page 1467 and 1468:
128C H A P T E R V I IIn other word
Page 1469 and 1470:
130C H A P T E R V I IIn addition,
Page 1471 and 1472:
same class, which are understood to
Page 1473 and 1474:
Not considered cash deposits and th
Page 1475 and 1476:
6.8. Crediting Option (Monthly)136C
Page 1477 and 1478:
138C H A P T E R V I IThe other sys
Page 1479 and 1480:
Chart 1.States that Have Fiscal Agr
Page 1481 and 1482:
States that Have Fiscal Agreements
Page 1483 and 1484:
Page 1485 and 1486:
Page 1487 and 1488:
Chart 2.Retention Rates for Dividen
Page 1489 and 1490:
Retention Rates for Dividends, Inte
Page 1491 and 1492:
Page 1493 and 1494:
Page 1495 and 1496:
CHAPTER VIIIForeign Trade andCustom
Page 1497 and 1498:
TreatiesPartner countriesPublicatio
Page 1499 and 1500:
In this section we will limit ourse
Page 1501 and 1502:
Maquiladora, and Export Services In
Page 1503 and 1504:
that allow them to import machinery
Page 1505 and 1506:
expressly excluded in the Value Add
Page 1507 and 1508:
CHAPTER IXCommercial Regulation1. F
Page 1509 and 1510:
exclusivity exercises substantial p
Page 1511 and 1512:
The agent may also subcontract with
Page 1513 and 1514:
In addition, the contract can be te
Page 1515 and 1516:
the NOMs and products or services t
Page 1517 and 1518:
180C H A P T E R Xtogether, constit
Page 1519 and 1520:
4.1. General ProvisionsThe exercise
Page 1521 and 1522:
the SSA is required for the importa
Page 1523 and 1524:
e) Warehouse for conditioning of me
Page 1525 and 1526:
) A non-alcoholic beverage is under
Page 1527 and 1528:
4.6.4.4. Biotechnological productsT
Page 1529 and 1530:
192C H A P T E R X Ifor the grantin
Page 1531 and 1532:
194C H A P T E R X Ic) Non-negotiab
Page 1533 and 1534:
Therefore, the following may be ple
Page 1535 and 1536:
Notwithstanding, guarantees can be
Page 1537 and 1538:
5.1.2. Formalities and registration
Page 1539 and 1540:
202C H A P T E R X Ior lake-bound a
Page 1541 and 1542:
a) That the trustee can only begin
Page 1543 and 1544:
In this respect, the Industrial Pro
Page 1545 and 1546:
208C H A P T E R X I IRegistrations
Page 1547 and 1548:
Furthermore, the holder of a patent
Page 1549 and 1550:
3.2. Slogans212C H A P T E R X I IA
Page 1551 and 1552:
In addition, when with an authoriza
Page 1553 and 1554:
216C H A P T E R X I IIn this respe
Page 1555 and 1556:
218C H A P T E R X I IThus, the cau
Page 1557 and 1558:
220C H A P T E R X I IThis type of
Page 1559 and 1560:
Federal Tax Code governed this proc
Page 1561 and 1562:
CHAPTER XIIIIntellectual Property1.
Page 1563 and 1564:
In this regard, the original holder
Page 1565 and 1566:
d) One-time reproduction of a singl
Page 1567 and 1568:
2.3.3. Recording producersA recordi
Page 1569 and 1570:
ecommended that before filing the r
Page 1571 and 1572:
Federal Gazette and the notarizatio
Page 1573 and 1574:
es judicata and of an executory doc
Page 1575 and 1576:
The judicial authorities must infor
Page 1577 and 1578:
CHAPTER XIVEconomic Competition1. I
Page 1579 and 1580:
In this chapter we will comment on
Page 1581 and 1582:
3.1. Conduct Considered as Absolute
Page 1583 and 1584:
on the circumstances under which th
Page 1585 and 1586:
this practice does not follow a sch
Page 1587 and 1588:
instruments for measuring markets a
Page 1589 and 1590:
The second situation that this firs
Page 1591 and 1592:
CHAPTER XVRegulated Activities1. In
Page 1593 and 1594:
In accordance with the Civil Aviati
Page 1595 and 1596:
measures in order to adequately att
Page 1597 and 1598:
A party interested in obtaining a d
Page 1599 and 1600:
operation and maintenance of the sy
Page 1601 and 1602:
3.1.7. Transfer, lien, revocation,
Page 1603 and 1604:
i) The petitioner’s business name
Page 1605 and 1606:
Regarding permits under the authori
Page 1607 and 1608:
other type of energy, the parties i
Page 1609 and 1610:
It is important to specify that the
Page 1611 and 1612:
CHAPTER XVIGovernment Acquisitions1
Page 1613 and 1614:
interested parties thoroughly revie
Page 1615 and 1616:
a contract with a private party. In
Page 1617:
At the municipal level, it is commo
Page 1620 and 1621:
284C H A P T E R X V I Iii) Regulat
Page 1622 and 1623:
286C H A P T E R X V I Im) Installa
Page 1624 and 1625:
288C H A P T E R X V I IThe prevent
Page 1626 and 1627:
3.3. Management Plan290C H A P T E
Page 1628 and 1629:
292C H A P T E R X V I IIn order to
Page 1630 and 1631:
Furthermore, a complaint can be fil
Page 1632 and 1633:
generation and the type of emission
Page 1634 and 1635:
298C H A P T E R X V I IWith regard
Page 1636 and 1637:
which are temporary or definitive,
Page 1639 and 1640:
CHAPTER XVIIIAdministrative Litigat
Page 1641 and 1642:
attempted to convince the latter of
Page 1643 and 1644:
In order to pursue an amparo the me
Page 1645:
6. The Amparo Proceeding against La
Page 1648 and 1649:
312C H A P T E R X I Xstock market,
Page 1650 and 1651:
314C H A P T E R X I X2) Restricted
Page 1652 and 1653:
316C H A P T E R X I Xregulatory ex
Page 1654 and 1655:
the Stock Market, such as the prese
Page 1656 and 1657:
320C H A P T E R X I Xc) With regar
Page 1658 and 1659:
322C H A P T E R X Xmade to concili
Page 1660 and 1661:
liquidation, seeking to maximize th
Page 1662 and 1663:
) An inventory of assets; andc) A b
Page 1665 and 1666:
CHAPTER XXIState Liability1. Introd
Page 1667 and 1668:
Although Article 1 of the law attem
Page 1669 and 1670:
While one of the problems with the
Page 1671 and 1672:
CHAPTER XXIIDispute Resolution1. In
Page 1673 and 1674:
Finally, it should be indicated tha
Page 1675 and 1676:
3.1. Exequátur ProcedureExequátur
Page 1677 and 1678:
c) When there is a well-founded fea
Page 1679 and 1680:
to be executed; then the judge will
Page 1681 and 1682:
The district judge will decide on t
Page 1683 and 1684:
The international law relevant to c
Page 1685 and 1686:
In accordance with the guidelines o
Page 1687 and 1688:
for a declaration of lack of jurisd
Page 1689 and 1690:
In order for a Mexican judge to be
Page 1691 and 1692:
proceeding and only to the extent t
Page 1693 and 1694:
The party invoking the award or req
Page 1695 and 1696:
) In the international context, in
Page 1697 and 1698:
arise from violations of obligation
Page 1699 and 1700:
party of the investor, but not both
Page 1701:
a) The ICSID Convention;b) The ICSI
Page 1704 and 1705:
In order to become binding court pr
Page 1706:
The binding effect of court precede
Page 1709 and 1710:
Legal Guideto Doing Businessin Mexi
Page 1711 and 1712:
Doing business in the Netherlands 2
Page 1713 and 1714:
1.7 A most competitive economyThe N
Page 1715 and 1716:
Page 1717 and 1718:
Page 1719 and 1720:
Page 1721 and 1722:
Page 1723 and 1724:
Page 1725 and 1726:
Page 1727 and 1728:
Page 1729 and 1730:
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Page 1737 and 1738:
Page 1739 and 1740:
Page 1741 and 1742:
Page 1743 and 1744:
Page 1745 and 1746:
Page 1747 and 1748:
Page 1749 and 1750:
Doing Business in New Zealand
Page 1751 and 1752:
ESTABLISHING A BUSINESSBusiness str
Page 1753 and 1754:
Partnership agreementThe Limited Pa
Page 1755 and 1756:
(b)the acquisition of property (inc
Page 1757 and 1758:
have become increasingly popularfor
Page 1759 and 1760:
or the associate (either alone orto
Page 1761 and 1762:
NZXNZX Limited (“NZX”) operates
Page 1763 and 1764:
(b) keeping, investing, administeri
Page 1765 and 1766:
Leave entitlementsNew Zealand law p
Page 1767 and 1768:
Department. It applies to all wages
Page 1769 and 1770:
advantage of their dominant marketp
Page 1771 and 1772:
To be eligible for registration ofa
Page 1773 and 1774:
The Treaty of WaitangiThe Treaty of
Page 1775 and 1776:
(e.g. growing trees). Participation
Page 1778 and 1779:
www.anthonyharper.co.nz
Page 1780 and 1781:
www.spnglegal.comCONTENTSPage1. For
Page 1782 and 1783:
www.spnglegal.comSTERLING PARTNERSH
Page 1784 and 1785:
www.spnglegal.com__________________
Page 1786 and 1787:
Page 1788 and 1789:
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Page 1814 and 1815:
Page 1816 and 1817:
INVESTING IN PARAGUAYCONTENTSA. ARE
Page 1818 and 1819:
INVESTING IN PARAGUAYAAREAS OF INTE
Page 1820 and 1821:
quick return on investment with fas
Page 1822 and 1823:
Paraguay has substantial natural re
Page 1824 and 1825:
strengthened a legal framework, whi
Page 1826 and 1827:
Simple market conquest resulting fr
Page 1828 and 1829:
1. EQUAL POLICIES FOR NATIONAL AND
Page 1830 and 1831:
7. TRUST AND FIDUCIARY RELATIONSHIP
Page 1832 and 1833:
Act 194/1993 was adopted together w
Page 1834 and 1835:
12. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTIO
Page 1836 and 1837:
Full name and address of the applic
Page 1838 and 1839:
g) the judgment must be final or ha
Page 1840 and 1841:
Flexibility: to bring about adjustm
Page 1842 and 1843:
B) RECORDALa. establish a branch of
Page 1844 and 1845:
y reducing the capital. The transfe
Page 1846 and 1847:
etc, business objectives, duration,
Page 1848 and 1849:
c) Redemption, reimbursement or sto
Page 1850 and 1851:
PROPARAGUAY - Office for the Promot
Page 1852 and 1853:
Doing Business in PolandJanuary 201
Page 1854 and 1855:
Doing Business in PolandCONTENTS___
Page 1856 and 1857:
Doing Business in Poland1.3 Governm
Page 1858 and 1859:
Doing Business in Poland2. BUSINESS
Page 1860 and 1861:
Doing Business in Poland2.5 Audit a
Page 1862 and 1863:
Doing Business in Poland4. EMPLOYME
Page 1864 and 1865:
Doing Business in Poland5. TAXATION
Page 1866 and 1867:
Doing Business in Polandon or befor
Page 1868 and 1869:
Doing Business in PolandInterest, r
Page 1870 and 1871:
Doing Business in PolandAPPENDIX 2P
Page 1873 and 1874:
TABLE OF CONTENTGENERAL PRESENTATIO
Page 1875 and 1876:
1 Euro = 4,23 Lei1 US dollar = 2,92
Page 1877 and 1878:
Regarding the judicial fees, Law no
Page 1879 and 1880:
Furthermore, the headquarters of th
Page 1881 and 1882:
• the Romanian legal persons;•
Page 1883 and 1884:
The exemption from VAT payment rega
Page 1885 and 1886:
• the additional acts to the indi
Page 1887 and 1888:
The minimum salary set for 2011 is
Page 1889 and 1890:
capacity installed, the only compet
Page 1891 and 1892:
• The verification regarding the
Page 1893 and 1894:
TABLE OF CONTENTSGENERAL INFORMATIO
Page 1895 and 1896:
Bank of Spainc/ Alcala, 4828014 Mad
Page 1897 and 1898:
1. Training and employment;2. Resea
Page 1899 and 1900:
FINANCIAL SERVICESSpain’s financi
Page 1901 and 1902:
attorney, if applicable, must be du
Page 1903 and 1904:
liability is limited to the fully p
Page 1905 and 1906:
Representative OfficeA representati
Page 1907 and 1908:
movement, the customs officers may
Page 1909 and 1910:
- Indefinite contract to support en
Page 1911 and 1912:
have a Spanish spouse, workers nece
Page 1913 and 1914:
TAXATIONIn generalThe Spanish tax s
Page 1915 and 1916:
• 20 April: Taxable income of the
Page 1917 and 1918:
3 The foreign company is not reside
Page 1919 and 1920:
The positive balance resulting from
Page 1921 and 1922:
THE BASE, RATE OF WITHHOLDING AND P
Page 1923 and 1924:
ExpatriatesSpanish personal income
Page 1925 and 1926:
Place of Supply of Taxable Transact
Page 1927 and 1928:
The Government is considering the p
Page 1929 and 1930:
FAQ’SWhat steps are necessary for
Page 1931 and 1932:
Who needs a NIE or a NIF?Foreigners
Page 1933 and 1934:
What are the most common types of c
Page 1935 and 1936:
other means have control, either di
Page 1937 and 1938:
BUFETE B. BUIGASABOGADOS ASOCIADOSO
Page 1939 and 1940:
TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION 2BUSI
Page 1941 and 1942:
BUSINESS STRUCTURES IN TURKEYThere
Page 1943 and 1944:
circumstances.Liaison OfficesAlthou
Page 1945 and 1946:
Value Added Tax (VAT)• VAT is app
Page 1947 and 1948:
Turkey supports the anti-corruption
Page 1949 and 1950:
EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSUnder the Turki
Page 1951 and 1952:
(iii) For the liaison offices, a pe
Page 1953 and 1954:
Acquisition by IndividualsReal pers
Page 1955 and 1956:
Establishing a business in the Unit
Page 1957 and 1958:
II Forms of businessentitiesThe fol
Page 1959 and 1960:
although many of the principles are
Page 1961 and 1962:
profitable in its own right. Tax le
Page 1963 and 1964:
III The tax systemThe following is
Page 1965 and 1966:
6. Value Added TaxBusinesses (wheth
Page 1967 and 1968:
no exceptions to this. You will als
Page 1969 and 1970:
IV Employment,pensions andimmigrati
Page 1971 and 1972:
or by employees (and their employer
Page 1973 and 1974:
‘defined contribution’ basis. T
Page 1975 and 1976:
Nationals of some countries (which
Page 1977 and 1978:
The lease will normally also contai
Page 1979 and 1980:
is strict, so the enforcing authori
Page 1981 and 1982:
a document (or on a website), softw
Page 1983 and 1984:
VII ScotlandWe are grateful to Ande
Page 1985:
London5 Fleet PlaceLondon EC4M 7RDU
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