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the time of the sale in the country of destination (double charging of the Common External Tariff(CET)).In practice, this means that a product imported by Brazil, for example, pays a charge per operation. Ifthis same product is resold to Uruguay, it is taxed again. The code would put an end to this doubletaxation. Decision No. 10 of the Council of the Common Market (CCM), adopted in 2010 at the samemeeting that approved the Customs Code, established a schedule to eliminate the double charging ofthe CET. The decision, which complements prior decisions on the same topic (CCM No. 54/04 andCCM 37/05), provides for three stages that are yet to take place.The accession of Venezuela as a Mercosur Member State in 2013 offered the prospect of integratinga significant consumer market to the Customs Union and the expansion of intra-bloc trade. However,the serious economic crisis that the country has been facing – similarly to Argentina – has causeddifficulties to Brazilian exporters, placing – although in the short term – tough restrictions on thecommercial development of the bloc. Today, investors have been making unfavorable comparisonsbetween Mercosur and the recently created Pacific Alliance 2 trade bloc, which has been consideredmore dynamic and more commercially open than Mercosur.Venezuela's payment difficulties caused by the restrictions introduced by CADIVI and the importlicense requirements (DJAI) imposed by Argentina are examples of trade balance control policies thathurt Brazilian exports within the bloc.19.3. Union of South American Nations – UNASURUNASUR is formed by twelve countries of South America. The treaty that formed the organization wasapproved during the Extraordinary Meeting of Heads of State and Government, held in Brasília, on 23May 2008. Over nine countries have already deposited their ratification instruments (Argentina,Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay and Venezuela), completing theminimum number of necessary ratifications for the entry into force of the Treaty on 11 March 2011.The main objectives of UNASUR are the political, economic and social coordination of the region.According to the language of the Treaty, its institutional structure comprises: a) Council of Heads ofState and Government; b) Council of Foreign Ministers; c) Council of Delegates; and d) GeneralSecretary. There is the possibility of the constitution of a Ministerial Council and of Working Groups.Every instance is already operational.2 Established in 2012, the bloc has Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru as Member Countries and seeks topromote trade integration between the region and Pacific countries.98